Cronn ‘ s disease, as a chronic intestinal disease, has been the focus of medical research. The question of whether genetic factors play a key role in the search for their causes is a matter of close concern to many patients and their families.
Numerous studies have shown that Crohn disease has a certain genetic tendency. Family concentration is an important expression of its genetic characteristics. A large number of clinical data show that if there are Cron patients in the family, the risk of other relatives becoming ill is significantly higher than for the general population. For example, a study covering thousands of families found that the first-degree relatives of the Cron patients (e.g. parents, children, siblings) were several times more at risk than the general population. This family concentration is not an accident, but rather an implication of the potential transfer of genes during the onset of the disease.
From a genetic point of view, scientists have identified several genetic sites associated with Crohn. Of these, NOD2/CARD15 genes are one of the most extensive and in-depth studies. The specific mutation of the gene is closely linked to the susceptibility of Crohn. As a rule, the NOD2/CARD15 gene is involved in immuno-reactive regulation of the organism, especially in the identification and defence of bacteria by the intestinal mucous membranes. However, when the gene mutates, the balance of the intestinal immune system can be broken, resulting in an excessive immune response, leading to the occurrence and development of chronic intestinal inflammation. In addition to NOD2/CARD15 genes, other genes such as IL23R, ATG16L1 have also been confirmed as being associated with Crohn disease. These genes tend to jointly increase the risk of individual Cron disease through a variety of biological pathways that affect intestinal barrier functions, immunocell activation and regulation.
It needs to be made clear, however, that genetic factors are not the only determinants of Crohn ‘ s morbidity. Environmental factors also play an indispensable role in their onset. Changes in modern lifestyles, such as the westernization of eating habits (high sugar, high fat, high intake of low-fibre diets), the increasing industrialization and contamination of living environments, and imbalances in intestinal microbial communities, may interact with genetic factors that trigger the onset of Cronn disease. For example, the chronic consumption of processed foods rich in additives and preservatives can alter the intestinal environment and thus induce intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals.
In the light of the above, it is true that the Cron disease has a genetic orientation and that genetic factors provide a certain background for the occurrence of the disease. But this does not mean that individuals with a genetic background are bound to have an illness. The risk of disease can be reduced to a certain extent by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as balanced diet, moderate exercise, reduced stress and good intestinal micro-ecological balance. Regular intestinal health screening is also an essential prevention and intervention strategy for people with family history, with early detection, diagnosis and treatment.
