The daily nursing of
hypertensive patients is a comprehensive and meticulous process, involving diet, exercise, drug management, psychological adjustment and other aspects. Here are some specific care recommendations:
1. Diet management
Limit sodium intake: Daily salt intake should be less than 6 grams to reduce the risk of hypertension.
Reasonable diet: a balanced diet should consist of five categories of food, including cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, animal foods, soybeans and nuts, cooking oil and salt.
Increase potassium-rich foods, such as fresh vegetables, fruits and legumes, to help lower blood pressure.
Reduce fat intake: Eat less high-fat, high-cholesterol foods, such as fried foods and animal viscera.
2. Drug management
Medication
according to medical supervision: Patients with hypertension should take antihypertensive drugs on time according to the doctor’s instructions, and should not stop or change the dosage without authorization.
Self-observation: Patients should learn to self-observe changes in blood pressure, and should not increase or decrease the dosage at will, miss or stop taking the medicine suddenly.
3. Exercise recommendations
Moderate exercise: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming and cycling, can effectively reduce blood pressure.
Strength training: Isotonic and isometric training can increase muscle strength and endurance and help lower blood pressure, but avoid overexertion.
4. Psychological adjustment
Face up to reality: Patients with hypertension should face up to real life, treat themselves and others correctly, and maintain an optimistic and positive attitude.
Psychological endurance: enhance psychological endurance, cultivate the ability to cope with psychological pressure, and conduct psychological counseling when necessary.
5. First aid measures
Sudden symptoms: If severe headache, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms occur, you should rest in bed immediately and take antihypertensive drugs in time. If the condition does not improve after taking medicine and rest, the emergency center should be notified and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
Acute symptom: If appear limb is coma, paralytic, the symptom such as recognizant obstacle, the likelihood is acute head blood-vessel disease. Family members should immediately notify the emergency center, and immediately lie flat, head to one side, to prevent the inhalation of vomit into the airway.
6. Other nursing measures
Keep the environment safe: keep the ward neat, clean and quiet, keep the indoor air fresh and unobstructed, and avoid dangerous factors such as slippery floor and obstacles.
Regular living habits: take medicine on time every day, ensure adequate sleep, avoid staying in a noisy environment for a long time, and maintain emotional stability.
Reasonable arrangements for exercise and rest: At ordinary times can develop a moderate exercise plan, such as walking, playing Tai Chi. When blood pressure increases, they should rest in bed and reduce their activities.
Maintain a good physical and mental state: engage in recreational activities of interest to relax the body and mind, reduce stress, so that the body and mind get a good rest.
7. Avoid bad habits
Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can adversely affect blood pressure control, and smoking cessation and alcohol intake should be limited.
Avoid overwork: Overwork can cause blood pressure to rise, so work and rest should be arranged reasonably to avoid working continuously for a long time.
8. Regular inspection
Regular physical examination: Patients with hypertension should have regular physical examination, including blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar, renal function and other indicators, so as to adjust the treatment plan in time.
Monitor blood pressure: Bring your own sphygmomanometer at home, measure blood pressure regularly every day, and record blood pressure changes so that doctors can evaluate the treatment effect.
9. Social activities
Increase social interaction: Participating in community activities and maintaining good communication with family and friends can help reduce psychological pressure and improve the quality of life.
10. Education and self-management
Learn hypertension knowledge: understand the causes, hazards and preventive measure of hypertension, and improve self-management ability.
Self-management: According to the doctor’s advice, develop a personalized hypertension management plan and strictly implement it.
Through the above measures, hypertensive patients can effectively control blood pressure at home, reduce the occurrence of complications and improve the quality of life. At the same time, patients and their families should strengthen their understanding of hypertension, actively cooperate with doctors in the treatment, and jointly participate in the management of hypertension.
