Introduction
Systematic fungi infection is a serious disease that can stretch through multiple organs and systems all over the body and seriously threatens the life of the patient. As a result of changes in the medical environment and the development of medical technology, primary health-care institutions have undergone a series of evolutions and developments in the treatment of systemic fungi infections, playing an increasingly important role in improving the survival and quality of life of patients.
II. Situation of early primary health care institutions
(i) Diagnostic difficulties
1. Lack of awareness
At an early stage, there is limited awareness of systemic fungi infections among primary medical personnel. As such infections are relatively rare and multidisciplinary, they are often confused with other infectious or non-infective diseases. For example, amphibian haematosis may be manifested only in non-specific symptoms such as fever and cold, and can be misdiagnosed as sepsis of common bacteria, leading to delays.
2. Late detection methods
Basic medical institutions lack advanced laboratory testing equipment and technology. Fungi culture is one of the important methods of diagnosis, but traditional cultures are long and have low positive rates. In addition, special fungus tests, such as ink dyeing of the ink of the invisible fungus and new antigen tests of the invisible fungus, are often not available at the grass-roots level, making early and accurate diagnosis difficult.
(ii) Limitations of treatment
1. Lack of drug resources
The range of anti-facter drugs in early primary health care institutions is scarce. Commonly used are only fungus, cromoxin and so on, and these drugs have limited efficacy for systemic fungi infections. New anti-facter drugs, such as Vulcan and Capoven, are not widely available to meet the diverse needs of clinical treatment.
2. Lack of capacity for comprehensive treatment
Systematic fungi infections are often associated with complications such as low immunization functionality and require comprehensive treatment, including immunization regulation, nutritional support, etc. At that time, however, primary health-care facilities lacked the conditions and capacity to do so, and treatment was often limited to the use of simple anti-fist drugs.
Current development of primary health-care facilities
(i) Increased level of diagnosis
1. Knowledge dissemination and training
As medical education progresses, the awareness of systemic fungi infections among primary health-care personnel is growing. Through participation in various academic trainings, lectures, etc., they have gained a clearer understanding of the clinical performance of the disease and of the diagnostic points. For example, doctors at the grass-roots level are now aware of the potential for systemic fungi infections in the long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics, central intravenous tubes, and the presence of unknown causes of fever and organ function disorders in patients with immunosuppression.
2. Improved diagnostic techniques
Basic medical institutions have begun to introduce more rapid and accessible diagnostic methods. A sero-test, including fungi-specific antigens (e.g. beta-D-polymal) and antibody tests, can provide some basis for early diagnosis. In addition, a number of primary hospitals have established cooperation with higher-level health-care institutions, so that specimens can be quickly examined and accurately diagnosed using advanced technology from higher-level hospitals, such as genetic sequencing.
(ii) Increased capacity for treatment
Improved access to drugs
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of anti-facter drugs in primary health-care institutions. Some new anti-facter drugs are gradually being supplied at the grass-roots level and the supply of drugs is more stable. At the same time, with the improvement of health-care policies, the financial burden of patients using anti-facter drugs has been reduced. Grass-roots doctors also place greater emphasis on the rational use of anti-foulbacterial drugs and select appropriate drugs and doses based on such factors as the patient ‘ s condition and the type of pathogens.
2. Development of comprehensive treatment
There has been some progress in comprehensive treatment at the primary level. In terms of immunisation regulation, the use of immunosuppressants or adjustment of immunosuppressants may be granted on a case-by-case basis to patients with low immune functions. With regard to nutritional support, emphasis is being placed on assessing and intervening in the nutritional status of patients, providing them with sound nutritional support programmes, increasing their resilience and improving their treatment effectiveness.
IV. Trends in treatment of systemic fungi infections in primary health-care institutions
(i) Precision diagnosis
1. Application of molecular diagnostic techniques
As technology develops and costs are reduced, it is expected that primary health-care institutions will gradually introduce molecular diagnostic techniques, such as polymere chain reaction (PCR), gene chips, etc., to achieve rapid and accurate identification of fungal pathogens, including testing of drug-resistant genes, and provide strong support for precision treatment.
2. Big data and artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis
Development of diagnostic models of systemic fungal infections using large data analysis and artificial intelligence techniques. Basic doctors can input patients ‘ symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, etc. into models, assist with diagnostics and improve their accuracy and efficiency.
(ii) Individualized treatment
1. Optimization of drug treatment
Individualized anti-fist treatment programmes are developed on the basis of such factors as the patient ‘ s genetic heterogeneity and pharmaceutical-dynamic characteristics. For example, genetic testing predicts the metabolic capacity and efficacy of a patient with respect to a specific anti-facter drug, avoiding adverse drug reactions and ineffective treatment.
2. Improvement of the multidisciplinary collaborative treatment model
Further strengthening of collaboration with multidisciplinary teams within primary health care institutions (including internal medicine, testing, pharmacology, etc.), as well as with the relevant sections of higher-level medical institutions. Together, a comprehensive programme of treatment is being developed for patients, with targeted treatment for different organs, to improve the overall treatment of patients.
Conclusions
There has been a significant development in the treatment of systemic fungal infections in primary health-care institutions, with significant progress from diagnosis to treatment. However, continuous efforts are needed to further improve the accuracy of diagnosis and individualization of treatment to better address the serious challenge of systematic fungi infection and to safeguard the health of patients.
