Allergic rhinitis is a disease that we often encounter in our daily life. It may happen to you and me. We should correctly understand it, see a doctor in time and give active treatment in order to achieve a better prognosis.
Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic disease of nasal mucosa, and can cause a variety of complications. Another type is induced by non-specific stimuli, without specific allergens, not immune response, but similar to the above two types of allergic rhinitis in clinical signs, called vasomotor rhinitis or neuroreactive rhinitis, stimuli can come from outside the body (physical, chemical aspects), or from inside the body (endocrine, mental aspects), so some people regard it as allergic rhinitis. However, there is no antigen-antibody reaction in the body, so desensitization therapy, hormone or immunotherapy are ineffective. 1. Etiology: Allergens cause the body to release histamine, which is the most important substance that can cause a series of allergic symptoms. 1. Allergic constitution caused by heredity. 2. Exposure to allergens. 3. Asthma. 2. Clinical signs: Sneezing, nasal itching, runny nose and congestion are the four most common symptoms. 3. Diagnosis: According to the specific situation of our country, our country has formulated the diagnostic criteria: the diagnosis is mainly based on the medical history, symptoms and immune examination. The detailed history of present illness is very important for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, the judgment of severity and the evaluation of the expected effect of treatment. 1. Have a typical history of allergies (including family history of allergic diseases, eczema or asthma in infants and young children) and typical clinical signs and symptoms. 2. The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal itching, frequent sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion and other symptoms, which can disappear by themselves or after treatment. But these conditions are not necessarily allergic, allergic rhinitis patients are often accompanied by symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis such as itching, tears and so on. 3. Specific diagnostic tests. There are allergen skin test, serum allergen specific IGE assay, allergen nasal provocation test, and allergic provocation test. Complications: 1. Nasal polyps. 2. Bronchial asthma. 3. Otitis media, an infection of the middle ear. 4. Sinusitis. 5. Allergic pharyngitis. 6. Nosebleed. 5. Treatment: 1. Specific immunotherapy Specific immunotherapy is also called desensitization therapy. Although specific immunotherapy can not completely cure allergic rhinitis, it can significantly improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, prevent the occurrence of asthma, and improve the prognosis of allergic diseases. 2. Non-specific treatment: antihistamines, inhaled glucocorticoids, mast cell membrane stabilizers including sodium cromoglycate, and topical antihistamines. 3. Nerve block treatment. 4. Immunotherapy. 5. Reduce the sensitivity of nasal mucosa. 6. Reduce the excitability of parasympathetic nerve. 7. Surgical treatment. 6. Preventive measure: 1. Allergen prevention: Allergic rhinitis is affected by both genetic and environmental factors, in which high exposure to allergens plays a major role, so the intervention of environmental allergens is very important. 2. Blocking the development of allergic rhinitis: Children are the biggest sufferers of allergic diseases, and attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of allergies in childhood. 3. Pay attention to diet: For patients with pollen-food allergy syndrome, food prevention and treatment should be carried out. 4. Develop a good lifestyle: pay attention to cold and warm, appropriate increase or decrease clothing. Wash the nasal cavity with clean water when washing the face, so as to achieve effective cleaning. Exercise moderately every day to increase the secretion of the adrenal gland and inhibit allergies. Maintain regular work and rest to ensure adequate sleep.
