Diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a rare tumour of mesothelioma from the pleural mesothelioma, divided into benign and malignant, of which it is more common. Because the symptoms of mesothelioma are similar to many other diseases, they can easily be misdiagnosed. This paper will explore in depth the causes of mesothelioma, clinical performance, diagnostic methods and treatment strategies. The exact causes of mesothelioma in the pleural mesothelioma have not yet been fully identified, but the main cause of the disease is long-term exposure to asbestos, which fibres can cause malformations due to continuous friction of the mesothelioma layer, especially among people working in industry, construction and other related fields. Other potential risk factors include infections, environmental factors, exposure of chemical and radioactive substances, and genetic factors. II. Clinical performance of mesothelioma The symptoms of mesothelioma in the pleural mesothelioma usually appear years after exposure to asbestos and lack specificity, making early diagnosis extremely difficult. 1. The main clinical manifestations are: 1. chest pain: one-sided chest pain is commonly felt, persistent chest pain is common, can be irradiated to the upper abdomen, upper limbs and shoulder, and increases over time. 2. Respiratory difficulties: Related to restrictions on thoracic fluids and chest wall activity. Cough: Continuous dry cough, which may be accompanied by sting or blood as the disease progresses. 4. Weight loss: Patients often experience significant weight loss as a result of appetite loss and metabolism. 5. Other symptoms: Illness, night-time sweating and heat. Patients with malignant mesothelioma may also experience complications such as malignity, anaemia and shock. Diagnosis of mesothelioma of the pleural mesothelioma, because its clinical performance is similar to that of other thoracic diseases, often requires a combination of methods: 1. History of the disease and medical examination: doctors will ask about the patient ‘ s professional history, especially with regard to exposure to asbestos. Medical examinations such as chest contact and lung consultations may reveal signs such as chest pressure or reduced respiratory sound. Imagery: X-ray chest tablets can show pleural increase or liquid accumulation, but are less sensitive. CT scan: CT scan provides a clearer and more detailed pleural structure image that allows for the identification of tumour size, location and extension and distribution of liquid. 3. Cervical cavity piercing: cytological examination of cytology through ecstasy to extract chest water to check if tumour cells are present in the liquid. Pathological examination: is the gold standard for the diagnosis of mesothelioma. The method of active examination includes: chest cavity examination: direct observation of the pleural membrane through an endoscope and sampling. CT-led piercing: the tissue is obtained from the swelling to perform a pathological examination, guided by images. Immunisation screening: Mesothelioma cells display specific marks in immunisation, such as CK5/6, Calretin, etc., which can help distinguish mesothelioma from other types of tumours. Treatment of mesothelioma The treatment of mesothelioma in the pleural mesothelioma is usually individually designed on the basis of the patient’s specific circumstances, tumours and overall health status. 1. Surgical treatment: For early cases, local or wider pleural hysterectomy may be feasible with the aim of total tumour removal. pleural hysterectomy, extrapleural pulmonary hysterectomy, etc. If there is a significant build-up of chest water, it can be induced to mitigate symptoms. 2. chemotherapy: chemotherapy is an important tool for the treatment of mesothelioma, and commonly used drugs, such as cosmopolitan platinum and cosmopolitan platinum, have been widely used in clinical practice. chemotherapy can be used to reduce the size of tumours before surgery, post-operative assistive treatment, and palliative care for late-stage patients. 3. Treatment: It can be used to control local stoves and to alleviate pain and respiratory difficulties, especially among patients who cannot operate. Target treatment: An in-depth study of mesothelioma molecular mechanisms has helped to develop target-oriented drugs for specific genes or proteins. Some of the target treatment drugs, such as shinitini, shalidolamine, and serena, have proven to have some effect on mesothelioma. However, this has not yet been widely applied to clinical purposes. 5. Immunization treatment: Some immunosuppressants (e.g. PD-1 inhibitors) show potential efficacy in the treatment of mesothelioma. 6. Palliative treatment: It is important for terminal patients, including pain management, nutritional support and psychological counselling. The aim is to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly improve expectations and prolong the patient ‘ s lifespan. Patients diagnosed need regular follow-up and monitoring to detect progress and adjust treatment programmes. Mesothelioma is a complex tumour whose early symptoms are often not visible and easily ignored. Knowledge of their causes, symptoms and diagnostic methods can help to detect early treatment. Although treatment options for mesothelioma are limited, new treatment strategies are being studied as medical technology advances. It is hoped that in the future, more treatment options will be available to improve the quality of life and life of patients.
