Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism is the sum of a group of diseases or clinical syndromes for which the pulmonary artery or its branches are responsible, and its diagnosis and treatment is essential. The following is a detailed description of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism: Symptoms: Symptoms of pulmonary embolism are usually manifested in sudden chest irritation, short-temperature, breathing difficulties or coughing, which may be mitigated after rest, but will be repeated in the near future. Some suffer from persistent respiratory difficulties, accompanied by cough and even blood. In addition, pulmonary embolisms may be accompanied by basic diseases such as edema, heart failure, abnormal coagulation function, tumours, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, sepsis of the lower leg. Symptoms: Pulmonary embolisms include pre-heart disorders, second-cardial splits during consultations, pulmonary pulmonary arteries can be heard in the pulmonary acoustic area, and the respiration of the pulmonary lungs is generally silent. Auxiliary examination: CT Pulmonary Pulse: This is the current gold standard for pulmonary embolism diagnosis. If a CT pulmonary artery pulsation can be seen, the pulmonary embolism can be diagnosed. ECT Pulmonary Pulse: This examination is relatively rare, but can also be used as a basis for diagnosis. Other examinations: The tests revealed an increase in the D-D2 fusion and abnormal coagulation function. Colour superpowers can detect an increase in pulmonary artery, and EKGs can be characterized by pulmonary embolism. During the diagnostic process, care needs to be taken to identify other diseases, such as myocardial infarction, aerobic chest, arteries, etc. The treatment of pulmonary embolism depends on the severity of the pulmonary embolism and the specific circumstances of the patient. 1. Anticondensing treatment is the basic treatment for pulmonary embolisms, the purpose of which is to prevent further formation and recurrence of the leopards and to create conditions for their own decomposition mechanisms. Drugs commonly used: Heparin: including common heparin and low molecular heparin. Hepatin requires continuous intravenous dripping and monitoring of coagulation functions, adjusting doses to the coagulation function. Low molecular heparin has the advantage of long half-life and low hemorrhage. Wafarin: When hepatin treatment is stable, it can be changed to oral valarin maintenance. Wafarin needs to be taken for weeks or months on a continuous basis, and the coagulation function is regularly monitored to adjust the dose. New types of oral anticondensants (NOACs): Assam, Aido Shaban, Lifashaban, etc. These new anticondensers have better condensation and fewer haemorrhagic complications and do not require dosage adjustments and testing. Anticondensed treatment: Long-term anticondensed treatment is recommended for pulmonary embolism patients who have no cause or cause to release. Part of the study found that full resistance can reduce resistance after six months, but not all patients. No reduction in condensation is recommended for patients with anti-phosphate syndrome, combined tumours, and chronic pulmonary pulmonary high-tensive pulmonary pulmonary pulmonary pressure. Solvent treatment is applied to large areas of patients with pulmonary embolism or blood flow mechanics instability, with the aim of rapidly dissolving the haematosis and restoring the lung cycle. Common medication: Uicysterase: promotion of the flaming of blood by intravenous injection. Synthetic enzyme: also via intravenous injection, which has the effect of sequestering. Reorganizing tissue-solved pre-activator (r-tPA): an efficient solvent, but expensive and high bleeding risk. Method of flammation: Full-body flammation: The drug of flammation by intravenous injection applies to most pulmonary embolism patients. A catheter slurry: The direct injection of the embolism to the part of the hemorrhage can reduce the dose and the risk of haemorrhage. At the same time, the catheter slurry can more quickly alleviate the patient ‘ s hemodynamic disorders. 3. In addition to anticondensation and leaching treatment, pulmonary embolism patients may need to be treated with other complementary drugs. Sphygmopressure drugs: e.g., phenylsulfonate chlor tablets, aspirin intestinal capsules, etc., can reduce blood pressure, promote local blood circulation and prevent serious complications. Support for treatment: Oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation support is required for patients with low oxygen haematosis or respiratory failure. There is also a need to maintain hydrolysis balance and nutritional support. Surgery treatment: The surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism is an important means of treatment for patients who are seriously ill or who are ineffective in the treatment of condensed and dissolved. Pulmonary arterial embolism: for patients with acute large areas of pulmonary embolism. The operation was carried out through an open chest or a chest lens, which directly removed the embolism in the lung artery. The advantage is to be able to quickly restore lung cycling, lower lung artery and improve the function of the right heart. Interventional sembolism or thrombosis: For patients who are not subject to large-scale embolism but are stable. The operation is carried out through a catheter that enters the lung artery and removes the blood embolism using such tools as a rotary-type bolting device or a scythe catheter. The advantage is that it is small and quick to recover, but it may not be possible to completely remove all the embolisms. Pulmonary artery implantation: For certain patients with narrow or closed pulmonary artery. The operation transported the support to the pathological pulmonary artery through the catheters, expanding narrow or closed veins. The advantage is that the lung cycle can be improved and the symptoms mitigated, but there may be complications such as stairwell migration and haemobolism. Pulmonary folicectomy: For certain patients with severe pulmonary embolism leading to the death of the pulmonary tissue or loss of function. The operation was carried out by the opening of the chest to remove a pathological lung leaf. The advantage is that the pathological tissue can be completely removed, but the surgery is traumatic and slow to recover. In light of the above, the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism requires a combination of the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs and the results of the secondary examination. In the course of treatment, appropriate treatment programmes should be selected on the basis of the patient ‘ s specific circumstances, and the patient ‘ s condition changes closely and the programme adjusted in a timely manner.