Rheumatic valvular heart disease (Rheumatic valvular disease of the heart) is a kind of heart valve damage disease caused by rheumatic fever, which mainly invades aortic valve and mitral valve, and is a common disease in organic heart disease. Especially in adults, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher. The following is a detailed introduction to the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic heart valve disease.
1. Diagnosis
The diagnosis
of rheumatic valvular heart disease is usually based on the following aspects:
1. History of infection: Patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease often have a history of upper respiratory tract streptococcal infection. This medical history is of great significance for the preliminary judgment of the disease.
2. Clinical signs: Patients may have fever, palpitation, shortness of breath, expiratory dyspnoea, cough and other clinical signs. With the aggravation of the disease, symptoms such as angina pectoris and syncope may also occur. These symptoms are an important basis for the diagnosis of rheumatic heart valve disease.
3. Physical examination: During inspection, reddish annular erythema can be observed on the inner skin of the trunk or limbs of the patient, and symptoms such as redness, swelling, limitation of movement and subcutaneous nodules may occur in the joints. On auscultation, a heart murmur may be heard, such as a diastolic rumbling murmur in mitral stenosis or a systolic blowing murmur in aortic insufficiency.
4. Laboratory examination: Blood examination can determine whether there is streptococcal infection, such as accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, elevated C-reactive protein, etc. Electrocardiogram examination is helpful to judge the electrical activity of the heart, which may cause atrial enlargement, ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmia and other abnormal manifestations. Echocardiography is an important method for the diagnosis of rheumatic valvular heart disease, which can clearly show the shape, structure, activity and hemodynamic changes of the heart valve, and provide a detailed basis for diagnosis and treatment.
5. Imaging examination: X-ray examination can observe the size and shape of the heart and the condition of the lungs, which is helpful to judge the severity of the disease. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive examination, which can directly measure the pressure and blood oxygen content of each chamber of the heart, evaluate the function of the heart and hemodynamic changes, and is of great significance for patients with complex conditions and difficult diagnosis.
2. Treatment
The treatment
of rheumatic valvular heart disease mainly includes general treatment, drug treatment and surgical treatment.
1. General treatment: Patients should pay attention to rest and avoid strenuous exercise to prevent aggravation of the disease. At the same time, the living environment should be kept clean and hygienic, and less crowded places should be visited to prevent upper respiratory tract infections.
2. Medication: For patients with chest distress, myocardial nutrition drugs can be used under the guidance of doctors, such as coenzyme Q10 capsules, trimetazidine hydrochloride tablets, etc. If patients have cardiac insufficiency, they can take diuretics such as furosemide tablets and hydrochlorothiazide tablets according to medical supervision. Patients with arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation can also be treated with antiarrhythmic drugs.
3. Surgical treatment: When conservative treatment is ineffective or the condition is serious, surgical treatment can be considered. Common surgical procedures include heart valve repair and prosthetic heart valve replacement. Heart valve repair is suitable for patients with mild valve damage to restore the normal operation of the heart by repairing the function of the valve. Prosthetic heart valve replacement is suitable for patients with severe valve damage, and the prosthetic valve is implanted to replace the diseased valve.
III. Precautions
1. Regular review: Patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease should be reviewed regularly in order to timely understand the changes in the condition and adjust the treatment plan.
2. Cold-proof and moisture-proof: Patients should pay attention to cold-proof and moisture-proof to prevent upper respiratory tract infection and other predisposing factors from aggravating the condition.
3. Moderate exercise: Moderate physical exercise under the guidance of a doctor will help to promote the recovery of the disease. Dietary conditioning: maintain a reasonable diet, eat foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as vegetables, fruits, etc., to help enhance immunity.
To sum up, the diagnosis of rheumatic heart valve disease requires comprehensive consideration of infection history, clinical signs, physical examination, laboratory examination and imaging examination. Treatment should be based on the specific conditions of patients to choose appropriate methods, including general treatment, drug treatment and surgical treatment. At the same time, patients should also pay attention to regular review, cold and moisture-proof, moderate exercise and dietary conditioning, in order to promote the recovery of the disease.
Heart valve disease
