Clostal cancer is a common malignant tumour that poses a serious threat to human health. Proper diagnosis, effective treatment and proactive prevention are essential to reducing the incidence of and mortality from colon cancer.
I. Diagnosis
1. Symptomological observation Early colon cancer may not have visible symptoms, but as the condition evolves, the patient may have symptoms such as constipation, defecation habits (e.g. constipation, diarrhoea or both), abdominal pain, abdominal swelling and weight loss. If these symptoms occur, further examinations should be carried out in a timely manner.
Medical examinations
(1) colonoscopy: is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colon cancer. The conditions within the intestinal tract can be observed directly through colonoscopy, pathologies are detected and biopsies are performed to determine if they are cancer.
(2) Septic sub-blood test: to detect the presence of trace blood in the excreta, which is simple, but less specific and may result in false positive results.
(3) Oncology markers: for example, cancer embryo antigens (CEA) can be used as an aided diagnostic tool but cannot be used alone to diagnose colon cancer.
(4) CT for chest abdominal, pelvic enhancement: the depth of immersion and the presence of other organs, lymphocytes transfer such as liver, lung transfer, etc.
Treatment
Surgery is the main treatment for colon cancer. In the case of early colon cancer, surgical tumour removal and the normal tissue of the surrounding parts can normally be cured. In the case of late colon cancer, the procedure may be used to relieve symptoms, reduce the tumour load or create conditions for other treatments.
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells by using chemical drugs. For patients with advanced colon cancer or risk of relapse after surgery, chemotherapy can extend their life and improve their quality of life.
3. The treatment uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. The treatment is usually used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy and is used to treat partially late colon cancer or to mitigate symptoms.
4. Target-oriented treatment for specific molecular targets, such as skin growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, vascular inner skin growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, etc. Target-oriented treatment enhances the effectiveness of treatment and reduces side effects.
5. Immunization treatment attacks cancer cells by activation of the patient ‘ s own immune system. Immunization treatment also shows some potential in the treatment of colon cancer.
Prevention
1. Healthy diet Increased intake of food fibres, food such as vegetables, fruits and whole grains; reduced intake of red meat and processed meat; avoidance of high fat and high-heat diets.
2. Motivation. Maintaining moderate mobility reduces the risk of colon cancer. Aerobics with a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate strength per week are recommended, such as walking, running, swimming, etc.
Smoking and overdrinking increase the risk of colon cancer and should, as far as possible, be avoided.
For high-risk groups, such as those with colon cancer in the family, a history of intestinal carnal diseases, inflammatory intestinal diseases, etc., colon cancer screening should be carried out on a regular basis for early detection and timely treatment.
Overall, the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of colon cancer require a combination of factors. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can improve the survival and quality of life of patients. At the same time, active preventive measures can reduce the incidence of colon cancer and protect people ‘ s health.
