Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Chronic Obstractive Pulmonary Disase, COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by a restricted air flow, consisting mainly of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The incidence of the COPD has increased year by year and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The disease not only affects the quality of life of patients but also places a heavy burden on families and societies. Understanding the diagnosis and treatment of the COPD is therefore essential for the early detection and effective management of the disease. A detailed study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment strategies will be presented here.
Definition and cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an irreversible condition of air flow constraint, caused mainly by long-term smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure and genetic factors. Smoking is the most important risk factor for the COPD, with about 80 per cent of patients having a history of smoking. In addition, chronic exposure to harmful gases and dust, repeated respiratory infections and genetic α1-anti-insulinase deficiencies may also lead to the occurrence of COPD.
Symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Persistent coughing: Patients often show long-term coughing, especially in the morning.
Coughing: Coughing out of a large amount of glucose, which may be yellow or green.
Respiratory difficulties: As the condition increases, the patient may feel agitated in his or her activities and even short in his or her condition.
Breathing: Some patients may feel suffocated or suffocated.
Wearyness: due to breathing difficulties, patients often feel inept and under-resourced.
Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1. Medical history inquiries: Doctors are asked in detail about patients ‘ symptoms, smoking history, professional exposure history and family history.
Medical examination: Assessment of the functioning of the respiratory system through consultations, consultations, etc., and examination of the presence of breathing, respiratory abnormalities, etc.
3. Pulmonary function testing: Pulmonary function testing is the gold standard of the COPD diagnosis, which assesses the extent of the air flow limitation primarily by measuring the pressure exhale (FEV 1) and the pressure lung activity (FVC). Based on the FEV1/FVC margin, the COPD can be divided into different degrees of severity.
4. Visual inspection:
Breast X-ray: The structural changes in the lung can be initially assessed, but the diagnosis sensitivity to COPD is low.
High Resolution CT Scan (HRCT): Structural changes in the lung can be clearly demonstrated and help to assess the extent of emphysema.
Blood testing: This can be used to assess oxidation and to exclude other diseases.
The objective of the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is to reduce progress, improve symptoms, improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of acute aggravation. Treatment consists mainly of medication, non-pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment.
1. Drug treatment:
bronchial expansion agents: e.g. short-acting beta2-agonists (salbutamol) and long-acting beta2-agonists (formotro, aluminum thatomium) to mitigate air flow constraints and improve breathing difficulties.
Inhalation of sugar cortex hormones, such as Boudinaid, fluidekasons, etc., are used mainly to control air tract inflammation and reduce the occurrence of acute increases.
Phosphate diesterase-4 inhibitor: e.g., Roflasht, applicable to patients with severe COPD, reduces inflammatory response.
Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be used if there are signs of bacterial infection at acute increase.
2. Non-pharmacological treatment:
Stop smoking: Stop smoking is one of the most important interventions of the COPD patients and can significantly slow down progress.
Lung rehabilitation: includes respiratory training, physical training and nutritional guidance to help patients improve their lung function and quality of life.
Oxygen treatment: For patients with severe hypooxins, long-term Oxygen therapy improves the aerobic state and extends life.
3. Surgery:
Pulmonary discomfort: applies to patients with severe pulmonary emphysema and improves the function and quality of life of the lungs through the removal of pathogenic lung tissue.
Lung transplant: For terminal COPD patients, lung transplants may be the only treatment option.
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The management of the COPD is more than just treatment, and includes long-term follow-up and monitoring. Patients should undergo periodic health examinations to monitor changes in lung function, oxidation and symptoms. The doctor should adjust the treatment programme in a timely manner, depending on the patient ‘ s condition. In addition, patients should actively participate in self-management, maintain good living habits and communicate with doctors on a regular basis to learn about changes in their condition.
Conclusions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a serious chronic respiratory disease, and timely diagnosis and effective treatment are essential to improve the quality of life and life of patients. Through integrated treatment strategies, including drug treatment, non-pharmacological treatment and lifestyle interventions, patients can manage their condition effectively and improve their quality of life. It is hoped that this paper will help readers to better understand the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, enhance self-protection and maintain respiratory health. If the symptoms are relevant, prompt medical treatment is recommended and professional medical advice is sought.
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