Bacteria and viral infections are the two most common infectious diseases in clinical settings, but there are also significant differences in treatments due to differences in their pathogens. The correct distinction between bacterial and viral infections is essential for the development of scientific treatment programmes. The distinction between bacterial and viral infections and their treatment will be explored in detail from the pathogen characteristics, clinical performance, diagnostic methods and treatment strategies.
I. Distinction between bacterial and viral infections
(i) Pathogen characteristics
1. Bacteria:
Bacteria are independent single-cell microorganisms with a complete cell structure that can survive and reproduce independently in an appropriate environment.
Common pathogenic bacteria include pneumococcus, colicoccus, yellow grapes, etc.
2. Virus:
The virus is a micro-organism smaller than the bacteria, has no complete cell structure and must be born within the host cell in order to reproduce.
Common pathogenic viruses include influenza, coronary and hepatitis B viruses.
(ii) Means of dissemination
Bacteria infections: most are transmitted through contact, foam, food or water.
(b) Virus infections: most of them are transmitted by foam, air, blood, body fluid or insect bites.
(iii) Clinical performance
1. Bacteria infections:
Symptoms are usually more limited, in the form of localized sepsis, edema, pain, etc.
High heat is often associated, with a significant increase in white cell count and the proportion of neutral particles.
Examples include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septic tonsilitis, etc.
2. Virus infection:
Symptoms tend to be more general, such as fever, inefficiency and muscular acidity.
White cell counts may be normal or decreasing, and the lymphocytes rate increases.
Examples are flu, common flu, hepatitis B, etc.
(iv) Laboratory inspection
1. Bacteria infections:
Blood: White cell count increases and the proportion of meso-particle cells increases.
Pathological examinations: Bacteria can be detected in sluice, urine or blood culture.
2. Virus infection:
Blood: White cell count is normal or decreasing, and lymphocytes are increasing.
Pathological examination: the detection of viral nucleic acids through PCR or the detection of viral antibodies through serobiology.
Treatment of bacterial and viral infections
(i) Treatment of bacterial infections
1. Antibiotic treatment:
Antibiotics are the main means of treating bacterial infections. Suitable antibiotics, such as penicillin, sepsis, large rim esters, etc., are selected according to the part of the infection and the pathogen.
For example:
Pneumococcal infections can be attributed to the use of head spasms or amosilin.
Vitro-infection due to coliform is possible using quinone-like antibiotics.
2. Treatment:
Antiheating drugs (e.g. for ACCP) are used to mitigate heat symptoms.
Oxygen or cough medicine is used to mitigate respiratory symptoms.
3. Support for treatment:
Maintenance of hydrolysis balance, enhancement of nutritional support and promotion of body recovery.
(ii) Treatment of viral infections
1. Antiviral treatment:
Antiviral drugs for specific viruses are key to treatment.
For example:
Influenza viruses can be used in Ostawe or Zanamwe.
Hepatitis B virus infections can be found in Ntikawe or Novowe.
New coronary virus infections can be used for antiviral drugs (e.g., Redhwe) or Chinese antibodies based on guidelines.
2. Treatment:
Retardants are used to mitigate heat symptoms.
Symptoms such as nasal plugs and cough can be used as an antidote or as an anti-cough.
3. Immunization reconciliation:
Some viral infections (e.g. hepatitis B, Hepatitis C) may require the use of immuno-regulating agents (e.g. interferon).
4. Vaccine prevention:
Effective means of preventing viral infections are vaccinations such as influenza vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, new crown vaccine, etc.
(iii) Misuse of antibiotics
Antibiotics are not effective for viral infections, and their abuse can cause drug resistance problems.
For example, common influenza and flu are virus-induced, and the use of antibiotics is not only ineffective, but can also disrupt normal strains and increase the risk of double infection.
Prevention of bacteriological and viral infections
1. Personal hygiene:
Wash your hands and avoid touching your nose and mouth.
Cough or sneeze with paper towels to prevent the spread of foam.
Vaccination:
Targeted vaccines such as influenza, pneumonia, hepatitis B, etc.
3. Increased immunity:
(c) To maintain a balanced diet, adequate exercise and sufficient sleep to avoid overwork.
4. Avoiding the misuse of antibiotics:
Antibiotics should be used under the guidance of a doctor, avoiding self-purchase and administration.
Concluding remarks
There are significant differences between bacterial and viral infections in pathogens, clinical behaviour and treatment methods. A scientific distinction between these two types of infection is essential for the development of sound treatment programmes. Bacteria infections require treatment with antibiotics, while viral infections require either targeted antiretroviral treatment or treatment. The public should increase health awareness, avoid the abuse of antibiotics, receive timely medical treatment, professional diagnosis and treatment in case of symptoms of infection. At the same time, the incidence of bacterial and viral infections can be effectively prevented through good hygiene practices and vaccinations.
