I. What are the early symptoms of gastrointestinal tumours? gastrointestinal tumours are malignant or benign tumours occurring in the stomach and intestinal tract, which can be found in any part of the digestive system, including the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, large intestines (intestine and rectum). The formation of gastrointestinal tumours is usually a combination of genetic variability, environmental factors, dietary habits, genetic factors and inflammation. Regular screening tests and early consultations with doctors are therefore important tools for the prevention and management of gastrointestinal tumours.
1. Hemorrhage in digestive tracts: Hemorrhage in digestive tracts is one of the most common symptoms of gastrointestinal tumours, manifested in black poop (which represents haemorrhage in upper digestive tracts) or blood in vomit. 2. Symptoms of digestive tracts: Patients with gastrointestinal tumours may suffer from digestive tract symptoms such as appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal swelling, diarrhoea or constipation, which may be caused by tumour congestion or emptiness. Inappropriateness or pain: gastrointestinal tumours may cause abdominal discomfort or pain, pain may occur around the tumour position or in the whole abdominal, and the extent and nature of the pain may vary depending on how the tumour grows and its location. 4. Skinning and weight loss: gastrointestinal tumours may lead to loss of wasting and weight for no apparent reason in the body, as they consume the energy and nutrition of the body and may cause a decline in appetite. Anaemia and inactivity: Persistent haemorrhage caused by gastrointestinal tumours can lead to anaemia, manifested in weakness, weakness and vulnerability to fatigue. 6. Intestinal infarction: Certain cortal tumours, particularly in colon and rectal areas, can cause intestinal infarction symptoms, including severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal swelling, stop defecation and exhausting, if the growth of the tumour causes complete or partial intestinal blockage. Unusual defecation: Certain tumours cause infarction or deformation in the intestinal tract, which causes defecation abnormalities, including changes in the rectangular shape, colour, texture or frequency, such as colon or rectal tumours, which may lead to constipation, diarrhoea, slime or blood mixing. 8. Other symptoms: gastrointestinal tumours may be associated with other non-specific symptoms, such as heat, night-time sweating, lymphoma swollen.
(ii) Screening method 1. The faeces submersible blood test: this is a simple, non-intrusive screening method used to detect hidden blood in the faeces and early detection of digestive haemorrhage, including from gastrointestinal tumours. Positive results require further confirmation of diagnosis, such as colonoscopy. colonoscopy: The colonoscopy is one of the most accurate methods of tumour screening for gastrointestinal tumours at present. The internal parts of the colon and rectal are examined by fibre-optic instruments, the mucous membranes can be directly observed and active examinations can be conducted to determine the presence of tumours. 3. Stomach mirror examination: The stomach mirror examination is used to detect abnormal pathologies within the stomach, conducted under a fibrous instrument (the gastric lens) under anaesthesia or local anesthesia, and doctors can observe the condition of the stomach mucous membranes and conduct a biopsy when required. Genetic and biomarker tests: Some genetic and biomarker tests can detect specific genetically modified or chemical substances in blood or tissue and are used to determine whether the patient is in a high-risk group or whether there are tumours. These tests can help to screen for family tumour syndrome or early detection of malignant tumours.
II. How to treat gastrointestinal tumours? The surgical treatment of gastrointestinal tumours is usually divided into root and palliative surgery, the choice of which will require a comprehensive assessment based on the nature, location, size and overall condition of the tumor.
(i) The objective of a therapeutic surgery is to remove the tumour completely while cleaning up the lymphoma knots around it for the purpose of healing. Root surgery is usually applied to early and medium-term gastrointestinal tumours. 1. Stomachectomy: applies to early stomach cancer, especially when the tumor is in the shallow layer of the stomach wall and there is no lymphomy transfer. The rest of the stomach can continue to function with the removal of part of the stomach tissue. 2. Stomach hysterectomy: applies to gastric cancer in the period of progress, especially in cases where the tumor has infringed deep in the stomach wall or is accompanied by a lymphomy transfer. After the whole stomach has been removed, the digestive tracts need to be rebuilt, such as an oesophagus-alcoholic. 3. intestinalectomy: applies to intestinal tumours, such as colon and rectal cancer. The tumour is removed from the intestine section and the lymph knot around it, and the intestinal tract is reconstructed, such as a colon-circle or a colon-rest-circle.
(ii) The objective of palliative surgery is to reduce the symptoms of tumours and to improve the quality of life of patients, but it is not possible to cure tumours. Patronal surgery is usually applied to late gastrointestinal tumours. 1. Short-circuit surgery: applies to occult or intestinal blockage caused by stomach cancer or intestinal tumours. A new digestive route is established at and below the tumour through surgery to restore the feeding and defecation function of the patient. Oral surgery: Low intestine infarction for rectal cancer. An opening in the abdominal wall is created by the operation, which directs the intestine out of the body and forms the artificial anus to excrete the faeces.
(iii) As a result of the development of abdominal and endoscopy techniques, a growing number of gastrointestinal tumours can be performed in microcreative ways. Microstart surgery has the advantage of small trauma, rapid recovery and fewer complications. 1. Cervical cavity surgery: operation through abdominal lens device with a perforation in the abdomen of the patient. For early stomach cancer and intestinal tumours. 2. Endoscope ectomy: Excavation within the gastrointestinal tract through endoscopy. For smaller benign and early malignant tumours.
III. Why post-operative assistive treatment? Surgery is an important means of treating gastrointestinal tumours, but post-operative relapse and transfer remain the main problems affecting the survival of patients. It is therefore important to reduce the risk of relapse and diversion and to increase survival rates.
(i) chemotherapy serves the purpose of treating tumours by using drugs to kill or inhibit the growth and fragmentation of tumour cells. Post-operative chemotherapy applies to tumours in the gastrointestinal tract in the medium and advanced stages, especially for patients with lymphocyte transfer or long-range transfer. Auxiliary chemotherapy: Post-operative supportive chemotherapy reduces the risk of relapse and diversion and increases survival. The choice of chemotherapy drugs and the process of treatment need to be developed according to the pathological type and stage of the tumor. 2. Newly assisted chemotherapy: In the case of some late gastrointestinal tumours, pre-surgery can reduce the size of the tumour, reduce the difficulty of the operation and increase the rate of surgical removal. During chemotherapy, patients are required to closely monitor indicators such as blood routines, liver and kidney function, and to deal in a timely manner with side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting, bone marrow inhibition, etc. At the same time, the dosage and course of chemotherapy needs to be strictly guided to ensure efficacy and safety.
(ii) The purpose of treatment of tumours is achieved through high-energy rays that kill or inhibit the growth and fragmentation of tumour cells. Post-operative treatment is available for some gastrointestinal tumours, especially for patients with local lateness or with lymphoma transfer. It can be administered by external or internal exposure. Exterior exposure is the in vitro exposure of tumours from radioactive sources; internal exposure is the exposure of radioactive material into the tumour or nearby tissue. The dose and course of treatment needs to be developed according to the pathological type and period of the tumor. During the treatment, patients need to closely monitor and respond in a timely manner to the side effects of the dermal, bone marrow inhibition and so on in the therapeutic area. At the same time, the dose and course of treatment needs to be strictly controlled to avoid excessive damage to normal tissue.
(iii) For some of the later gastrointestinal tumours, comprehensive treatments, i.e. surgery, chemotherapy and decomposition, need to be combined to improve efficacy and survival. Comprehensive treatment needs to be tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient and dynamically adapted during treatment.
In conclusion, the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours is a long and complex process requiring the joint efforts of patients, families and medical teams. By understanding early symptoms of gastrointestinal tumours and providing timely screening, early detection rates can be significantly improved and more time and opportunity for treatment for patients. The efficacy of surgical treatment as the primary treatment for gastrointestinal tumours is widely recognized. However, complementary post-operative treatments are also not negligible and are important for reducing relapse and shifting risks and increasing survival rates. In the coming days, we expect that more medical research and innovation will further improve the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours and provide better survival experience and hope for patients.
gastrointestinal cancer
