Drug choice and individualized treatment

The choice of narcotic drugs and individualized treatment of narcotic drugs and individualized treatment of narcotic drugs play a crucial role in the operation and in the medical process. In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the operation, the selection of appropriate narcotic drugs and individualized treatment is essential. Individualized treatment not only increases the effects of anaesthesia, but also reduces side effects and post-operative discomfort. The following are some of the key points on drug choice and individualized treatment.1. Individual differences in the importance of individualized anesthesia:• The physical condition of each patient, history of disease, drug metabolic capacity and response to narcotic drugs may vary. Individualized anaesthesia treatments can adjust the choice and dosage of anaesthesia to these differences in order to obtain the best anaesthesia and the lowest side effects.Safety and Effects:Through individualized anaesthesia, the potential risks (e.g. allergies, cardiovascular problems) or side effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting) of certain narcotic drugs can be avoided, thus increasing the safety and comfort of patients.2. Type and nature of selective surgery for narcotic drugs:• All-body anesthesia: applies to operations requiring deep anesthesia, such as major or long operations. The whole body of anaesthesia, e.g., propol, isofluoroene, etc., is completely unconscious by intravenous injection or inhalation.• Partial anaesthesia: applies to minor or partial operations. Local anesthesia, such as Lidocaine and Bubikaine, can be performed in the area of the operation where the patient is sober.• Regional anesthesia: e.g., epidural and spinal anesthesia, applicable to surgery in the lower body or in a particular area. They are often used for childbirth, lower limb surgery, etc.Health status of patients:Cardiovascular system: For patients with cardiovascular diseases, the choice of anaesthesia with lower heart burden, such as propol instead of fluorine, reduces the pressure on the cardiovascular system.Hepatal and kidney function: Patients with incomplete liver and kidney function need to avoid using anaesthesia that is metabolized by the liver or kidney. The metabolic route of the drug should be taken into account in the choice of the drug and the dose adjusted as necessary.Age factor:Children: Children metabolize drugs more quickly, but are also more vulnerable to drug allergies. A child-friendly narcotic drug needs to be selected and the dose adjusted to weight and age.• Older persons: a decrease in the drug metabolic capacity of older persons and increased sensitivity to narcotic drugs. Narcotic drugs that are safer for older patients should be chosen with appropriate dose reductions.Pre-operative evaluation of individualized treatment::: Medical history and medical examination: a detailed understanding of the patient ‘ s past history, current state of health and history of allergies. The patient ‘ s physical condition and resistance to narcotic drugs are assessed through medical and laboratory examinations.Drug allergies and adverse reactions: Record patients ‘ history of drug allergies and adverse effects to avoid the use of narcotic drugs that may cause allergies.Drug selection and dose adjustment:• Choice of drugs: the choice of appropriate narcotic drugs based on the patient’s state of health and the nature of the operation. The timing, metabolic pathways and side effects are taken into account in the selection of drugs.Individualized dosage: dose of narcotic drugs adjusted to the patient ‘ s weight, age and state of health. For patients with a particular disease or body, the dose is further adjusted to ensure safety.Monitoring and adjustment in surgery:Life signs monitoring: Life signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, etc. are continuously monitored during the operation. Timely adjustment of the use of narcotic drugs based on the results of the monitoring to ensure the safety and comfort of patients.Emergency response: prepare emergency response programmes to respond to possible contingencies such as drug allergies, cardiovascular problems, etc.Post-operative management recovery monitoring:• Post-operative assessment: closely observe post-operative recovery, including pain, nausea, sleep addiction, etc. Post-operative drug use and care measures adapted to patient feedback and recovery.:: Guidance and education: Aftercare guidance is provided to patients and their families, explaining possible side effects and how to deal with them, and ensuring that patients can recover successfully.It was concluded that the choice of narcotic drugs and individualized treatment was key to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of anaesthesia. Through detailed pre-operative assessments, individualized drug choices and dose adjustments, real-time monitoring in the operation and effective post-operative management, the side effects can be minimized, and patient comfort and recovery quality can be improved. Individualized anaesthesia treatment not only focuses on the health of the patient, but also takes into account the quality of life of the patient and ensures the best possible experience and results during and after surgery.