Drug use by children and drug use and monitoring of drug use by children
Anaesthesia of children is intended to ensure that children do not feel pain or discomfort during surgery or other medical procedures. The use and monitoring of narcotic drugs require special attention because of the physical characteristics and developmental stages of children and adults. The following are key points regarding the use and monitoring of narcotic drugs in children:
1. Drug selection and dose adjustment
Drug selection: Children ‘ s drug choice for anaesthesia is usually based on their safety, effects and adaptability to the physical characteristics of the child. Commonly used drugs include:
The whole-body anesthesia: propol, fluorine, etc., can provide deep anesthesia and recover quickly after the operation. Local narcotic drugs, such as Lidocaine, are used for local or regional anesthesia, often for minor surgery or dental treatment. (c) Sedition drugs: for example, midars, fluorine, which are used to calm and reduce anxiety before surgery.
Dose adjustment: The metabolic rate of children is high, so the dose of an narcotic drug usually needs to be adjusted to weight and age. The dose should be based on the following considerations:
Weight and surface area: The drug dose is calculated on the basis of the child ‘ s body weight and surface area to ensure sufficient and not excessive anaesthesia. Age and developmental stages: The response of children of different age groups to drugs may vary, requiring special consideration for age-related dose adjustments. 2. Pre-operative preparedness and assessment
Assessment: A comprehensive pre-operative health assessment of children is key to ensuring anaesthesia safety. The assessment included:
Medical history collection: includes allergies, chronic diseases, past anesthesia, etc. Medical examination: examination of the child ‘ s CPR function, weight and height. Laboratory examinations: if necessary, basic examinations of blood, urine etc. to assess the state of health.
Communication: Communication with the child and his/her parents, explaining the process of anaesthesia, possible side effects and post-operative care can help to alleviate the anxiety of the child and improve co-ordination.
Monitoring of anaesthesia
Vital signs monitoring: In the process of anaesthesia, continuous monitoring of a child ‘ s vital signs is key to ensuring safety. Including:
Heart rate and blood pressure: A timely detection of abnormalities through real-time monitoring of electrocardiograms and blood pressure monitors. Respiration frequency and blood oxygen saturation: use of pulsed blood oxygen to monitor blood oxygen levels to ensure adequate oxygen supply. Body temperature: Monitor body temperature to avoid too low or too high in the operation.
(c) Anaesthesia depth monitoring: by monitoring the depth of anaesthesia, ensure that children maintain an appropriate level of anaesthesia during surgery. Use of techniques such as EEG can help to assess the depth and effects of anaesthesia.
Post-operative recovery and monitoring
Restoration monitoring: Monitoring immediately after surgery to ensure the safe recovery of children. Highlights include:
Restoration: Monitoring of the rate and state of a child ‘ s awakening from anaesthesia, including levels of awareness, motor functions, etc. Pain management: assess the extent of post-operative pain and provide appropriate pain relief. Complication monitoring: attention to post-operative complications such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory problems.
Parental education: Post-operative care guidance for parents, including observation of the child ‘ s post-operative response, management of pain, attention to signs of post-operative infection, etc.
Summary
Drug use and monitoring of children’s anesthesia requires a high degree of specialization and individualization. Rational choice and adjustment of narcotic drugs, comprehensive assessment and monitoring of the health status of children, and timely treatment of both surgical and post-operative problems are essential to ensure the safety of children and their post-operative recovery. Through effective anaesthesia management and intensive post-operative care, risks can be minimized and children ‘ s recovery facilitated.
