Early identification and clinical treatment strategies for sepsis

Septicism is a response to systemic inflammation, which is rooted in infection and progresses more rapidly and has a high mortality rate. Groups of older persons, infants and young children, persons suffering from immunosuppressive diseases, cancer patients, persons treated with immunosuppressants, diabetics, alcoholics, and infections caused by damage to skin barriers caused by the retention of catheters are at high risk for sepsis. The early detection of sepsis and immediate and effective treatment will have a positive and significant impact on the process of rehabilitation and on the situation ahead.Early identification of sepsisEarly signs of sepsis are identified mainly on the basis of clinical symptoms of the patient, laboratory analysis and video assessment. Some of the common methods for early identification of sepsis are as follows.(i) Clinical signs observation1. Body temperature anomalies: Septics may be associated with an increase in body temperature or a decrease in body temperature, which may have changed slightly at an early stage.2. Heart rate acceleration: The common sign of early sepsis is an acceleration of heart rate, which is usually higher than normal (i.e. over 100/min), and the slowness of heart rate is associated with the severity of the infection.3. Pulse increase: In the early stages of sepsis, the pressure may decrease, and the pressure is normal or rising, resulting in an increase in the pulse, due to the exterior vascular hysteria and lack of heart output.4. Respiration rate is increasing: sepsis patients tend to show signs of rapid breathing and inadequate oxygen supply. The normal breathing frequency is usually 12-20 times/min, while sepsis patients may exceed this range and breathe faster.5. Ignorance change: early sepsis may include confusion, distraction and changes in mental state.White cell changes: White cell numbers may be abnormal, increasing or decreasing, but not all patients show such changes.(ii) Laboratory testingLaboratory testing is essential in the diagnosis of sepsis. The usual detection programmes are blood protocol, blood biochemical, coagulation function assessment and PCT (calcium reduction) testing. PCT, a highly sensitive sepsis marker, increases in concentrations often indicate bacterial infections in patients. Moreover, CRP (C-reacting protein) is also a commonly used indicator for assessing the state of infection, and its rising levels point to an increased risk of infection.(iii) Video assessmentThe screening of images plays an important role in the early stages of sepsis diagnosis. The commonly used diagnostic methods, such as X-ray, ultrasound, CT (computer fault scan) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), provide doctors with the specific location, range and severity of the infection, thus providing a strong basis and reference for developing targeted treatment programmes.II. Clinical treatment strategies for sepsisThe treatment of sepsis includes multiple levels of infection control, support therapy and immunotherapy. Specific treatment strategies are as follows.(1) Control of infection: In the treatment of sepsis, first and foremost, control of infection. Doctors are required to synthesize the clinical symptoms of the patient, the results of laboratory tests and visual data to determine the specific area and pathogen type of infection, and to select appropriate antibiotics for treatment. At the same time, the patient ‘ s condition needs to be closely monitored and treatment adjusted to ensure that the infection is fully and effectively controlled.(2) Support for treatment: An essential part of sepsis treatment is support for treatment. This includes maintenance of hydrolysis balance, adjustment of the acidic state and provision of nutritional support. When a patient is in critical condition, he or she also needs to be treated with mechanical ventilation and blood purification. These measures optimize the physical functioning of patients and enhance their resistance to treatment.(3) Immunization regulation: Immunization regulation is important for the treatment of sepsis, and is effective in improving the pre-natal situation by adjusting the immune function to enhance the patient ‘ s resistance to infection. The usual means of immunisation regulation include immunosuppressants and cytogens.(4) Prevention and management of complications: In the course of treatment, doctors are required to be vigilant, monitor patients ‘ pathologies and detect and deal with them in a timely manner. If a patient is in shock, the liquid resuscitation should be activated and an vascularly active drug applied, and if the patient has multi-organ failure, the organ support treatment should be actively used to save the patient ‘ s life.Summary:In general, sepsis is a life-threatening, whole-body-infective disease whose early identification and treatment have important prognosis. By closely monitoring the clinical symptoms of patients, using laboratory tests and visual tests, sepsis can be detected quickly and appropriate treatment strategies developed accordingly. In treatment, effective infection control, supportive treatment and intensive immunization treatment are important approaches.