Effects of anaesthesia on the body and injuries

Anaesthesia is an integral part of modern medicine and is intended to keep patients still without suffering during surgery. However, the use of narcotic drugs inevitably has some physical effects. Understanding these effects helps patients to make informed decisions when they undergo anaesthesia and helps doctors to take measures to reduce the associated risks. This paper will explore the possible physical harm of anaesthesia and its mechanisms.The basic types of anaesthesia are divided into three main types: local, regional and general. The side effects and risks of each anaesthesia are different.Local anaesthesia: the partial injection of anaesthesia has left the parts of the operation unconscious, but the patient is aware. Regional anaesthesia: e.g., epidural anesthesia or intravertical anaesthesia, involving injection of anaesthesia in a given area and blocking neurotransmission in the region.(b) The whole-body anesthesia: through the drug, the patient is completely unconscious and the whole body is anesthesia.Possible physical damage from anaesthesia 1. Side effects of a general anaesthesiaCardiovascular system effects: whole-body anesthesia can inhibit the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure, an abnormal heart rate or a discomfort. These effects may cause more serious cardiovascular problems in some high-risk patients.Respiratory inhibition: Anaesthesia may inhibit the respiratory system, leading to a decrease in the frequency of breathing or suspension of breathing. To this end, anesthetists continuously monitor patients ‘ breathing and provide support when needed.Post-operative recovery difficulties: After anesthesia of the whole body, the patient may have symptoms of post-operative nausea, vomiting, headache or confusion. The recovery process may be longer, especially for elderly patients or patients in poor health.Cognitive functional impairments: Some patients experience short-term memory loss or confusion after anaesthesia, especially among older persons. While these symptoms are usually temporary, in some cases they may take longer to return to normal.2. Side effects of local and regional anesthesiaAllergies and infections: There may be an allergy or infection in local drug injection. Although this is rare, vigilance and appropriate handling are still required.Neural damage: Local or regional anesthesia may cause damage to the surrounding nerve, causing an abnormal feeling, numbness or pain. Such impairments are usually temporary, but in some cases may lead to long-term neurological disorders.Drug side effects: Although local narcotic drugs have a relatively small overall impact, they can also cause systemic side effects, such as dizziness, increased heart rate or low blood pressure, especially when the substance is spread over and over.Potential toxicity of narcotic drugsThe liver and kidney burden: The substance is excreted through liver metabolism and kidneys, and long-term or large-dose use may burden these organs. Patients with incomplete liver or kidney functions need special attention in order to reduce the potential for drug damage to these organs.Drug interaction: Narcotic drugs may interact with other drugs, affecting their metabolism and effects. For example, certain drugs may exacerbate the side effects of or interfere with narcotic drugs.Prevention and management of the risk of anaesthesia can be reduced by:Pre-operative evaluation: The doctor conducts a detailed pre-operative assessment, including the patient ‘ s state of health, medical history and allergies, to develop the most appropriate anaesthesia programme.Monitoring and support: During anaesthesia, doctors continuously monitor the vital signs of the patient and, if necessary, provide support to respond to any emergencies.Individualized anaesthesia programmes: individualized anaesthesia programmes are developed to reduce adverse and side effects, taking into account individual differences among patients.Post-operative care: Post-operative care is equally important, including observation of post-operative recovery and management of possible symptoms of discomfort.Anesthesia plays an important role in providing painless experience and successfully completing the operation, but its effects on the body and potential harm cannot be ignored. Understanding the risks of anaesthesia helps patients make informed decisions before they undergo surgery and minimizes the physical effects of anaesthesia through appropriate pre-operative assessments and post-operative care. The anesthesiologist takes appropriate measures to ensure the safety and comfort of the patient during the operation.