Brain damage poses many challenges to the body and life of the patient, and scientifically sound rehabilitation training can significantly improve the patient ‘ s prognosis and help them to gradually recover their function and regain their life confidence.
Early recovery training is essential. Rehabilitation should take place as soon as the brain damage is stabilized. Generally, life signs are stable and neurotic symptoms no longer progress in 48 hours. Early rehabilitation training has as its main objective the prevention of complications and the promotion of neurological rehabilitation. For example, passive physical exercise, active joints, muscle massages for patients can be effective in preventing muscle atrophy, stiff joints and the formation of deep veins. Like the shoulder, elbow, wrist joint, the hip, knee, ankle joint of the lower limb, which helps the patient to move, each joint has a full range of activities that can be carried out several times a day for 15 – 20 minutes each time.
Cognitive rehabilitation training is an important component of brain damage rehabilitation. Many people with brain damage suffer from cognitive impairments such as memory loss, low concentration and slow thinking. Cognitive training can be conducted in a variety of ways, such as the use of memory cards, puzzles, building blocks, etc. Starting with simple numbers and graphic memory, it is gradually becoming more difficult to train patients in memory and attention. Patients can also exercise their mental ability through simple computing, reading, etc. A fixed daily period of 30 – 60 minutes is allocated for cognitive training, adjusted for patient tolerance.
Balanced and coordinated training is essential to improve patient mobility. At the outset, a sit-in balancing exercise may be conducted, where the patient sits on the side of the bed or on a chair, trying to maintain physical stability and gradually extending the sitting time. This is followed by stand-up and balanced training, with the help of hand help or assistive devices, to enable patients to stand and try to maintain balance, and to gradually reduce their dependence on support. When there is a certain basis for the patient to stand in balance, walking training takes place, first on a flat ground and then on the road to a certain slope or barrier. At the same time, there are coordinated trainings, such as throwing balls, hand-to-hand moves, etc., to improve the co-ordination of all parts of the patient ‘ s body. 4 – 5 training sessions per week for 20 – 30 minutes.
Language rehabilitation training is particularly critical for people with speech impairments. Start with pronunciation training and allow patients to practice pronunciation, e.g., “aah”, “ooh”, etc., and then transition to pronunciation. This is followed by terminology training, which begins with simple terminology, verbs and gradually increases the volume and difficulty of expression. It helps patients to understand and express themselves by combining them with other tools, such as graphics and objects. For example, a picture of an apple was displayed, allowing the patient to name and try to describe its characteristics. Language rehabilitation training 1 – 2 times a day for 30 – 45 minutes each.
In the course of rehabilitation, care is taken to gradually adjust the intensity and content of the training to the patient ‘ s recovery. At the same time, patients are given adequate encouragement and support to maintain a positive mindset and face rehabilitation training. Families should also be actively involved in assisting patients in their training tasks and in creating an environment conducive to their rehabilitation in their daily lives. For example, there are barrier-free access to the home, which facilitates the movement of patients, and the labelling of objects, which helps people remember. Through systematic and scientific rehabilitation training, persons with brain impairment are expected to make significant progress in their physical functioning and their ability to provide for themselves and gradually return to normal life.
