Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, SAH is a serious cerebrovascular disease whose incidence has increased every year in recent years and poses a serious threat to human health. As a neurosurgery specialist, I will conduct the science of the definition of submural haemorrhage, the characteristics of submural haemorrhage, the treatment methods (including surgical and pharmaceutical treatment), treatment attention (especially in the prevention of vascular convulsions) and pre- and post-assessment.
I. Definition of subtidal haemorrhage
Hemorrhage from the lower cocabreum refers to a pathological vascular fracture of the base or surface of the brain and a clinical syndrome caused by the direct flow of blood into the lower cobweb cavity. This is a very serious common disease, accounting for about 10 per cent of the acute head. SAH is divided into two main categories of traumatizing and non-injury, of which non-injury SAH is mainly aneurysm, which accounts for about 85 per cent of all cases.
II. Characteristics of hypothylene haemorrhages in the aneurysm of abdominal spiders
The lower cavity of the aneurystic spider membrane refers to the SAH caused by the rupture of the aneurysm. An aneurysm is an abnormal surge in the external formation of the weak parts of the inside of the skull artery, and, if broken, the blood quickly flows into the lower cavity of the spider membrane. Its features include:
Sudden and severe headaches: sudden and severe headaches are commonly felt by patients with haemorrhaging, often peaking in seconds, described as “throwing samples” or “most acute pain”.
2. Consciousness disorders: After haemorrhage, the patient may experience symptoms of confusion, coma, etc.
3. Accompanying neurological signs: In addition to headaches and cognitive disorders, patients may experience neurological signs such as nausea, vomiting, straight necks, paraplegia, convulsions, etc.
4. Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: haemorrhage leads to increased internal stress, manifested in increased headaches, blurred vision, etc.
Treatment
1. Surgery
• Cervical aneurysm embolism: further haemorrhage is prevented by the delivery of specialized embolism material through a catheter to a fractured intracranial aneurysm, which is permanently confined.
• Operating with a closed aneurysm: direct to a closed aneurysm neck through a skull-opening operation, to stop the bleeding.
• Desperation of osteoporosis: applicable to the relief of acute intracircle stress caused by tumours, haematoma, etc.
2. Drug treatment
• Hemorrhagic drugs such as ammonium benzene, ammonium cyclohedic acid, which reduce haemorrhage by inhibiting coagulation factors or promoting fibrous protein decomposition.
• Cranial pressure medication: cranial pressure, such as glyphol, fur sermi, etc., is often clinically used.
• Calcium-channel retardants: as in the case of Nimodi flats, early use of cerebral vascular convulsions that can improve the haemorrhage of the lower perimen.
• Anti-eclampsia drugs: Anti-eclampsia drugs, such as diazepam, Kamasipine or sodium acetate, can be used for short periods of time in case of an epilepsy.
IV. Therapeutic care and prevention of vascular convulsions
In treating SAH, the following should be noted:
1. Absolute bed rest: Patients shall strictly rest in bed for four to six weeks, with fewer visits, keep the environment quiet and keep light away from stress and emotional fluctuations.
2. Maintenance of hydrolysis balance: attention to liquid traffic balance and correction of water and electrolyte disorders.
3. Prevention of vascular convulsions: expanded blood capacity and increased blood pressure, using calcium-traffic retardants (e.g., Nimodi) and adhesive solutions (e.g., protein, plasma) to combat cerebrovascular convulsions.
V. PREPARED AND EVALUATION
SAH ‘ s prognosis depends on a number of factors, including the cause of the disease, the amount of haemorrhage, the number of haemorrhages, the extent of haemorrhage and the availability of timely examinations and treatment. About 10 per cent of patients die before treatment, indicating the severity of the disease. Among them, haemorrhage is one of the most significant causes of the poor advance of patients, with a rate of death of up to 70 per cent.
The pre-assessment includes, inter alia, the following:
1. Post-incident interval and level of awareness: is a key factor influencing the prognosis.
2. The occurrence of complications, such as cerebral water and cerebral vascular convulsions, can further aggravate the patient ‘ s condition.
3. Age: The poor expectations of the older and younger may be related to the decline in the physical functioning of older persons.
An aneurysm factor: Aneurysm SAH, less aneurysm, SAH prognosis.
Based on the above, haemorrhage from the lower cobunnet is a serious cerebrovascular disease, and aneurysm is the main cause. The rate of death and disability in SAH can be reduced through timely surgical and pharmaceutical treatment, combined with good care and preventive measures. At the same time, the pre-assessment of patients has helped to develop more rational treatment programmes and to improve the quality of survival of patients. In our daily lives, we should raise health awareness, conduct periodic medical examinations, identify and address potential risk factors in a timely manner and jointly safeguard our health.
