Hemorrhaging in the upper digestive tract.
The aim of this paper is to increase public awareness and appreciation of the basic knowledge, causes, clinical performance, treatment and care of haemorrhage in digestive tracts in general. By summarizing and analysing relevant literature, the paper seeks to provide the reader with comprehensive and accurate information so that the right response can be taken in the face of haemorrhage from the upper digestive tract.
Haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract refers to haemorrhage in the digestive tract above the twilight band (including oesophagus, stomach, trifles and cholesterol) and is one of the most common clinical emergencies. They are urgent and fast-changing and need to be addressed in a timely manner.
II. DISAPPEARANCE
The causes of haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract are complex and varied. These include, inter alia, digestive ulcer, acute gastric mucous disease, edible dysenteral dysenteral tumours, etc.
1. Indigestion ulcer: the most common cause of haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract, 48.7 per cent. The formation of digestive ulcer is associated with, among other things, excessive gastric acidization and reduced stomach mucous membrane defences.
2. Acute gastric mucous membranes: such as stressor ulcer, acute stomachitis, etc. can also lead to upper digestive haemorrhage, which is 16.7 per cent.
3. Diarrhoeal fractures of the edible stomach: most of the patients with cirrhosis of the liver have suffered from high pressure of the edible veins, which have been hampered by the edible diarrhea, which has resulted in the formation of a venomal diarrhea and is susceptible to fractured bleeding, i.e. 12.8 per cent.
Tumours: Stomach cancer, oesophagus cancer, etc. can also cause haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract, but this is lower.
III. Clinical performance
Clinical manifestations of haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract depend mainly on the amount of haemorrhage, the rate of haemorrhage and the nature of the disease. The main symptoms include vomiting, black defecation, fever, inactivity, dizziness, heart attack, etc.
1. Vocality: When haemorrhage is high, blood can be vomited from the mouth, and the colour of vomiting can be red or dark red, mixed with food residues.
2. Black poop: The blood is excreted through the intestinal tract to form tar and deodorant. When haemorrhage is high, the blood stays in the intestine for a short period of time, with the appearance of dark red or fresh red shit.
3 Other symptoms, such as heat, lack of strength, dizziness, heart palpitation, etc., can cause severe shock symptoms, such as a decrease in blood pressure, pulsation speed, four limbs, etc.
Treatment
Treatment for haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract consists mainly of endoscopy treatment, medication, surgical treatment, etc.
1. Drug treatment: Drugs commonly used include pyrephine, gonaline, etc., which can be administered by means of an intravenous injection or oral administration. At the same time, rehydration, blood transfusion and other support treatment should be provided in order to maintain the stability of vital signs.
2. Endoscopy treatment: In cases where haemorrhage is high and drug treatment is ineffective, endoscopy can be used, e.g. under the end mirror, electrocondensation.
3. Surgical treatment: For patients who have not been treated with drugs and endoscopy treatment, surgical treatment should be considered, such as hysterectomy of the stomach, dysenteral dysenteral hysterectomy, etc.
V. CARE MEASURES
Care for upper digestive haemorrhage includes general care, haemorrhage care, shock care, drug guidance, life and diet care, psychological care, etc.
General care: Keep the ward clean and comfortable, ensure bed rest for the patient, one side of the head, and prevent blood from blocking the respiratory tract during vomiting. Keep the respiratory tracts open and remove oral secretions in a timely manner.
Haemorrhage care: close observation of the colour, sexual nature and frequency of vomiting and black defecation in patients and accurate estimation of haemorrhage. To inform the doctor in a timely manner and take appropriate measures to stop the bleeding.
Panic care: For patients suffering from shock symptoms, intravenous circuits should be established quickly to supplement blood capacity and to give stop and boost drugs. At the same time, be careful to keep warm and avoid lower body temperature.
(b) Medical guidance: To provide patients and their families with detailed information on the use, quantity and adverse effects of the drug, and to ensure that the patient is on time and in accordance with his/her level.
(b) Life and dietary care: fasting and drinking during haemorrhaging, and full or half-stream feeding, as prescribed by the doctor, should be provided after the haemorrhage has ceased. Diets should be based on low fat, low sugar, high protein, vitamin-rich, soft, digestive foods that avoid irritation and dry food.
Psychological care: The caregiver should inform the patient in a timely manner about the situation, give psychological comfort and help the patient to build confidence in overcoming the disease.
Conclusions
Haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract is one of the most common clinical emergencies, with complex causes and diverse clinical performances, and treatment and care needs to be tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient. Through this paper, it is hoped that the public will be made more aware of and sensitive to haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract, and that they will be able to respond to the haemorrhage in the upper digestive tract in the right way, in a timely manner, with a view to improving treatment rates and reducing mortality rates.
References
1. Diagnosis of digestive haemorrhage
2. Phoenix. General comment on acute upper digestive haemorrhages and medical care [J]. Guide to Chinese medicine, 2017 (05): 14-15.
3. Jullion, Wu Gong. Internal Nursing [J] 4. Beijing: People ‘ s Health Press, 2002:252.
4. Xu Chang-Su. Care of haemorrhagic patients in digestive tracts combined with cirrhosis [J]. Care study, 2009, 23 (suppl.1): 31-32.
The purpose of this paper is to provide basic information on the disease and help readers to recognize and understand the heart disease. Please note that this paper should not replace professional medical advice, and if there are health concerns, consult a doctor.
