Summary: Hepatitis A is a common infectious hepatitis disease with some impact on public health. This paper describes the viral characteristics of viral hepatitis A, the route of transmission, clinical performance, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention strategies aimed at raising public awareness of viral hepatitis A, promoting effective preventive measures and reducing the incidence and spread of the disease.
Introduction
Hepatitis A (hepatitis A) is a major acute infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is widely distributed throughout the world and can be disseminated or epidemicd, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and potentially placing a public health burden on society. Knowledge of hepatitis A is essential for its prevention and control.
II. Virus characteristics
Hepatitis A virus belongs to the Hepatitis Hepatitis virus of the nucleotide virus. It is free of membrane, spherical, 27nm in diameter, consisting of 32 shell particles, 20 hulls symmetrically called nuclei, with a single positive chain RNA. HAV has a strong heat resistance and is able to survive at 60°C for one hour, with some tolerance for acids, alkalis and general disinfectants, but boils for five minutes or UV exposure for one hour.
III. Means of dissemination
1. Manure – oral transmission
This is the most important mode of transmission of hepatitis A. When the excreta of a patient or a non-symptomatic infected person contaminates water sources, food, utensils, etc., healthy people may become infected when they ingestion contaminated material. For example, in some areas with poor sanitation, contamination of drinking water sources can lead to an outbreak of hepatitis A.
2. Daily life contact communication
Hepatitis A patients are in close contact, e.g., sharing utensils, tea cups, teeth, etc., or the virus can be transmitted by hand through contact with contaminated toys, clothing, etc. In densely populated places such as kindergartens, schools, etc., it is easily transmitted by daily contact.
IV. Clinical performance
1. Infiltration period
The average is 15 – 50 days, on average, about 30 days. Patients usually have no visible symptoms during the incubation period, but the virus has begun to replicate and is contagious.
2. Acute yellow hepatitis
– The pre-saloon period, which lasted 5 to 7 days, was characterized by acute illness, heat and temperature at 38°C – 39°C.
– Yellow periods: fever is decreasing, urine is increasing as a tea sample, filaments and skin is yellow, can peak in 1-2 weeks, and some patients can be seen in skin aching, lightening the light colour of the poop, and liver pains, hepatic swelling and concussion, which lasts 2-6 weeks.
– Recovery period: the yellow slurry gradually recedes, the symptoms are reduced, the liver spleen is retorted and the liver function is gradually restored, usually lasting 1-2 months.
3. Acute yellow-free hepatitis
Hepatitis yellow is more common and the symptoms are relatively light, mainly manifested in infirmity, appetite, abdominal swelling, liver pain, etc., and is not found, but hepatic function checks can be unusual.
V. Diagnosis
1. Clinical symptoms and signs
Hepatitis A can be initially suspected in the light of signs of hemorrhage, inefficiency, digestive tract symptoms and yellow sluice, combined with hepatic swelling and concussion. However, these symptoms are not specific to Hepatitis A and need to be examined and confirmed.
Laboratory inspection
Anti-HIV Igg is an important indicator for the diagnosis of hepatitis A, positive signs of recent infections.
– Hepatic function examination: the e.g. acetamase (ALT) and accelerase (AST) can increase significantly during the acute period, with cholesteroxin rising among yellow scorpion patients, dominated by direct cholesterone, and also alkaline phosphorase (ALP), gamma-diaamamide sepsis (gamma-GT), etc.
Treatment
General treatment
Patients should rest in bed, reduce physical consumption and contribute to liver rehabilitation. A diet that is light, digestive and vitamin-rich and avoids alcohol consumption and greasy and irritating food.
2. Drug treatment
The main treatments are the use of hepatopharmaceuticals, such as lysic acid formulations, to mitigate the response to hepatitis and to promote hepatic cell repair. Patients with yellow sting and itching can be treated with urchin and itching. Antivirals are generally not advocated, as hepatitis A is a self-restricted disease and most patients can recover on their own.
Prevention
Vaccination
Hepatitis A vaccine is the most effective method of preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A, which is currently commonly used, has both a live vaccine and a detoxification vaccine, which are available to vulnerable people over 1 year of age and can effectively induce the body to produce antibodies, with a protection rate of over 90 per cent.
Health management
Strengthen public health management and improve sanitation conditions, particularly water protection and the sound disposal of excreta. In terms of hygiene, good hand-washing habits have been developed, hand-washing has taken place before meals, avoiding the sharing of meals, water cups, etc., and preventing the ingestion of diseases.
3. Epidemic surveillance and control
Increased surveillance of hepatitis A disease in schools, kindergartens, communities, etc., and, if cases are detected, timely isolation of the source of the infection, medical observation of persons in close contact and the necessary preventive measures, such as vaccination of immuno-protein, to prevent the spread of the disease.
Conclusions
Hepatitis A is a controllable acute infectious disease. The public can better protect itself and others from hepatitis A by increasing awareness of its nature, transmission, clinical performance, diagnostic treatment and preventive measures. Actively promoting vaccination, focusing on personal and public health, and strengthening disease surveillance and control can effectively reduce the incidence of hepatitis A and guarantee public health and social stability.
Acute hepatitis A
