Chronic kidney disease (Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD) is an evolving disease that may not have visible symptoms at an early stage, and therefore early detection and diagnosis are essential.
I. How to find chronic kidney disease
Although chronic renal disease may be non-symptomatic at an early stage, as the condition progresses, the following symptoms may occur:
Tired or weak, oedema, in particular ankles and eyelids, less or no urine, increased night urine, unusual urine colours, which may be dark or foamy, appetite, nausea and vomiting, skin itching, muscle twitching or convulsions, high blood pressure.
People with risk factors such as:
Diabetes mellitus or hypertension, family history of kidney diseases, elderly people, smokers, obesity, and the long-term use of certain drugs, such as non-paralytics (NSAIDs) or some antibiotics.
II. Screening for chronic kidney diseases
Pee check:
Utility: examination of proteins, red cells, white cells, etc. in urine.
Pea-microprotein: For early detection of diabetes kidney.
Ureprotein Quantification: Assess the amount of protein lost in urine.
Blood examination:
Serum acetic anhydride: Assessment of kidney filtration.
BUN: Evaluation of kidney function with acetic anhydride.
Estimated renal plume filtering (eGFR): calculated by factors such as blood acetic anhydride, age, sex and ethnicity, is the main indicator for the assessment of kidney function.
Electrolyte levels: for example, sodium, potassium, chlorine, hydrocarbons, etc.
Hemoglobin: Check for anaemia, which may be complications from chronic kidney disease.
Image check:
Ultrasound: The size, structure and possible obstruction of the kidney can be examined.
Computer fault scan (CT scan) or MRI: used for more detailed renal structural examination.
Kidney test:
When the cause of the disease cannot be determined by urine and blood tests, a renal biopsy may be required, which is a micropsy by removing a small part of the kidney tissue.
III. Importance of early diagnosis
Early diagnosis of chronic kidney diseases can:
Delay in progress.
Reduce risk of cardiovascular complications
Improving the quality of life
Reducing treatment costs
IV. Prevention and management
Controlling blood sugar and blood pressure.
Maintenance of healthy lifestyles such as cessation of smoking, adequate exercise, healthy diet
Regular medical check-ups, especially for groups with high-risk factors
To comply with medical orders and to avoid the use of drugs that could damage the kidneys
Conclusions
Chronic kidney disease is a common disease, and early detection and intervention are essential to slow progress and improve patient prognosis. Chronic kidney diseases can be effectively detected by taking care of early symptoms, regular urine and blood tests, as well as the necessary visual tests. There is a greater need for vigilance and regular monitoring of kidney function among populations at high risk. Once diagnosed, doctors should be actively involved in integrated management to mitigate the development of the disease.
