How does ovarian cancer break down?

The ovarian cancer is divided according to the size of the tumor, whether it spreads to tissues other than the ovaries, and whether it is transferred to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. The TNM phased system of the American Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) and the United States Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC), as well as the FIGO phased system, are widely used internationally.FIGO phased systemThe FIGO phased system divides ovarian cancer into four main stages:Phase I (early)IA: Tumours are limited to one ovary, no tumors on the ovarian surface and no malignant cells in abdominal water.IB: Tumours are limited to two ovaries, no tumors on the ovarian surface and no malignant cells in abdominal water.IC: The tumour is limited to one or two ovaries, but either of the following conditions are met: the tumour breaks on the ovarian surface; the ovary breaks before or during the operation; and the malignant cell is in abdominal water or peritoneal wash.Phase II (locally advanced)IA: Tumor invasion of other organs in the pelvis.IB: Tumor invasion of organs outside the pelvis.III (late)Phase III is divided into three sub-phases, depending on the extent to which the tumour spreads outside the perimen:IIIA: The tumor has a small transfer outside the pelvic cavity, but there is no significant transfer outside the apertone (2 cm or less).IIIB: The tumor has a large transfer outside the pelvic cavity (more than 2 cm), but not outside the apertinal.IIIC: The tumour is removed outside the peritoneal membrane, which may include lymphoma transfer.No. IV (late or distant transfer)Phase IV: The tumor has been transferred to organs within the liver, to the lungs or to other organs far away.TNM phased systemThe TNM phased system is also used for ovarian cancer, based on three key factors:T (tumour): Size and extent of primary tumours.N (lymph nodes): Whether the regional lymph nodes are tiring.M (disposal): Is there a transfer?Category TT1: The tumor is limited to ovaries or fallow tubes.T2: Tumor invasion of other organs in the pelvis.T3: Tumours violate the outer peritoneal or transfer to other organs within the pelvis/peritoneal.T4: Tumours infringe on distant organs such as liver or lungs.Category NN0: No regional lymphorate transfer.N1: Regional lymph knot transfer.Category MM0: There is no remote transfer.M1: Remote transfer.Importance of phasingThe phasing of ovarian cancer is essential for the development of treatment programmes and for pre- and post-assessment. Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer is generally better planned. The following are some of the key points in the phasing:Treatment options: Different stages of ovarian cancer may require different treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, treatment or targeting.Later: The earlier the period is divided, the better the period is usually. The treatment of late-stage ovarian cancer is more challenging and relatively poor.Clinical trials: Phases are also a factor in determining the suitability of patients for specific clinical trials.Phased processThe ovarian cancer usually involves the following steps:Clinical assessment: includes medical history, medical examination, visual examination (e.g. CT, MRI) and blood tumor markers (e.g. CA-125).Surgery detection: The exact location and extent of the tumor is determined by the operation, together with a biopsy and lymphomy clearance.Pathological examinations: After the operation, pathologists examine the tissues and lymph nodes removed to determine the type and period of the tumor.ConclusionsThe phasing of ovarian cancer is a complex process requiring integrated clinical, surgical and pathological information. The correct phasing helps doctors to provide the most appropriate treatment for the patient and to assess the patient ‘ s prognosis. Since ovarian cancer is often detected at an advanced stage, raising awareness of early symptoms and regular medical examinations are essential for early diagnosis. As research progresses, new treatment methods and diagnostic tools are being developed, and it is expected that the treatment outcomes for ovarian cancer will improve.