The size of mammograms is not the only factor determining whether an operation is required. The decision to operate is usually based on the characteristics of the knot, the visual expression, the associated symptoms and the risk of breast cancer.Nodal size and surgical indicationsMicro node (less than 5 mm): Usually, the node less than 5 mm is mostly benign and can be tracked through regular monitoring. Further assessments, including biopsies, may be required if the video science examination (e.g. ultrasound or mammography) reveals irregular nostrils or other suspicious characteristics.Synopsis (5-10 mm): This size may require assessment of its nature through a needle piercing work test (FNA). If the results of the examination are positive, the doctor may recommend regular monitoring. If the results of the biopsy are uncertain or the noxious characteristics of the knots may require surgery.Medium section (10-20 mm): This size is usually determined by a biopsy. If the biopsies show positive, but the knots grow rapidly or have other high-risk characteristics, surgery may be required.Large knots (greater than 20 mm): Sections larger than 20 mm usually recommend surgery because they have a higher nefarious risk. The operation not only removes the knot but also provides sufficient tissue samples for a pathological examination.Image FeaturesForm irregular: If the knot displays an irregular edge in image, has a gill edge or an uneven internal echo, even if the knot is small, it may require surgery.Increased blood flow: Through color doppler ultrasound, if there is an increase in blood flow around the knot, this may be a sign of malignity, requiring further assessment and possible surgery.Calcium: Certain types of calcification (e.g. small, linear or branch calcified) may be related to breast cancer and may require surgical removal.Clinical symptomsPain: Most mammograms are pain-free, but if they cause pain, especially emerging pain, further assessment and surgery may be required.Skin change: These may be signs of malignity and require surgery if the knot causes skin indentation (drinking), skin thickening (Orange) or nipple ingestion.Individual risk factorsFamily history: Patients with a family history of breast cancer, particularly those with a genetic mutation of BRCA1 or BRCA2, should be more cautious about any suspicious knots that may require surgery.Personal history: Patients with a previous history of breast cancer may need surgery if new knots arise.Surgery optionsMicrostart operations: VAMS can be used to remove smaller knots and leave smaller scars.Open surgery: Traditional open surgery may be required for larger knots or for special positions.ConclusionsThe decision to perform mammograms requires a comprehensive consideration of the size of the nodal, visual characteristics, clinical symptoms, individual risk factors and patient preferences. Usually, the larger the knots, the more suspicious the visual features, the more visible the clinical symptoms and the higher the individual risk factors, the greater the need for surgery. In all cases, the decision should be made by a professional medical team on the basis of the patient ‘ s particular circumstances. Patients should fully communicate with doctors, understand the advantages and disadvantages of the operation and develop treatment programmes together.
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