Primary liver cancer is a malignant disease that seriously threatens people’s life and health in China. Epidemiological statistics show that the number of morbidity of primary liver cancer in China accounts for about 55% of the total number of patients in the world, and the incidence and mortality rate of the disease rank fifth and second in malignant tumors in China, respectively. Because the onset of primary liver cancer is insidious and the early symptoms are not obvious, many patients often progress to the middle and late stages when they are diagnosed. Surgery is the main treatment for primary liver cancer, but the recurrence rate of patients after surgery is very high. Data show that the recurrence rate of primary liver cancer after radical resection is 30% to 50% within 2 years, and up to 70% within 5 years. Therefore, for primary liver cancer, prevention is of great significance, and active intervention of potential pathogenic factors can effectively reduce the risk of disease.
Vaccinate against hepatitis B
Chronic HBV infection is the most common cause of HCC
in China, and about 85% of HCC patients are HBV virus carrier. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to obvious inflammation in the portal area of liver lobules and surrounding tissues, resulting in continuous damage to liver cells and degeneration and necrosis. Without active treatment, hepatitis will gradually develop into cirrhosis under the influence of persistent inflammation, increasing the possibility of liver cancer. Hepatitis B vaccination is the most economical and effective way to prevent hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B vaccine is suitable for newborns, infants, non-immunized people under 15 years old, kindergarten workers, medical workers and other special occupational groups, immune deficiency or low. The earlier the hepatitis B vaccine is vaccinated, the better, because the newborn has no immunity to hepatitis B virus, and the immune function is not perfect, once infected, it is easy to become a hepatitis B virus carrier. Newborns should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth, and the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month and 6 months of age, respectively. If the mother is a virus carrier of hepatitis B, the newborn should be vaccinated within 2 hours of birth, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be injected into different parts of the body. If it is necessary for other people to be vaccinated, they can be vaccinated three times according to the procedure of 0, 1 and 6 months.
Active antiviral treatment
for
hepatitis B and C patients
Like hepatitis B, most patients with hepatitis C will gradually develop into chronic hepatitis, and further development of the disease may lead to cirrhosis or even liver cancer. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, about 400000 people die of cirrhosis and liver cancer related to hepatitis C every year. Patients with hepatitis B and C are generally treated with antiviral and anti-fibrosis therapy. Patients with chronic hepatitis B can inhibit virus replication, delay or avoid complications such as cirrhosis and liver failure through standardized treatment. The goal of hepatitis C treatment is to completely eliminate the virus and prevent or reduce liver damage. During treatment, patients should have adequate rest, avoid drinking, maintain a balanced diet, avoid high-fat diet, so as not to induce fatty liver. It should be noted that after the cure of hepatitis C, patients can not be immune for life, so preventive measure should be done to avoid re-infection.
Avoid foods
containing aflatoxin
Aflatoxin is a toxic compound produced by Aspergillus fungi, which is classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization. There are more than 20 kinds of aflatoxin derivatives, among which aflatoxin B1 has the strongest carcinogenicity and the highest degree of harm to human health. Aflatoxin can induce a variety of cancers, especially primary liver cancer. Aflatoxin mainly exists in moldy cereals, oil crops, dried and fresh fruits, among which corn, peanuts and other crops are most vulnerable to contamination. In the 1980s, the incidence of liver cancer in Qidong, Jiangsu and Fusui, Guangxi was very high. The results of the survey showed that the local residents took corn as the main food and peanut oil as the main cooking oil. Due to geographical factors, the level of aflatoxin contamination of corn, peanuts and other agricultural products in the two places was relatively high at that time, which may be the main reason for the high incidence of liver cancer in the region. Aflatoxin is terrible, but preventable and under control. When buying grain and oil, it is suggested that you buy small packaged products produced by regular businesses, buy as you eat, and do not hoard in large quantities. Keep grains and nuts at home in a dry, ventilated and cool place to avoid mildew. Edible oil should be stored away from light and high temperature. If the food has been mildewed, it should be discarded immediately and should not be used again.
Drink
less alcohol and quit smoking
early The main metabolic site of
alcohol in the body is the liver. Long-term heavy drinking can increase the burden on the liver. Alcohol can directly damage liver cells, induce alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and increase the risk of primary liver cancer. Moreover, some studies have found that acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol, can damage the DNA of hematopoietic stem cells and increase the risk of cancer. If you drink a lot of alcohol for a long time, the risk of liver cancer in people infected with hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus will increase by dozens of times. Tobacco smoke contains a variety of chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, aromatic amines and other carcinogens metabolism in the liver. Long-term smoking can aggravate the degree of liver fibrosis and increase the risk of liver cancer. Like alcoholism, hepatitis B and hepatitis C patients are more likely to suffer from cancer if they smoke for a long time. Therefore, in order to protect liver health and effectively prevent liver cancer, we should stay away from tobacco and alcohol. Patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and virus carrier should resolutely quit smoking and drinking and stay away from second-hand smoke.
Obese and diabetic patients actively control their condition
Obesity, diabetes and other diseases can induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which increases the possibility of liver cancer. Obesity, especially central obesity, can lead to lipid accumulation in the liver and fatty degeneration of liver cells, thus causing fatty liver, which foreshadows the occurrence of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients can lead to abnormal lipid metabolism and fatty liver. Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Obese patients should reduce dietary intake, exercise reasonably and lose weight scientifically. Patients with type 2 diabetes and high-risk groups should actively control diet, cooperate with treatment, stabilize blood sugar, and reduce the risk of fatty liver.
People
at high risk should be screened
regularly People
at high risk of
primary liver cancer
(1) Patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis C or virus carrier.
(2) Patients with liver fibrosis and fatty liver.
(3) Patients with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
(4) Long-term alcoholism and smoking.
(5) Long-term consumption of food contaminated by aflatoxin.
(6) Family history of liver cancer. The above people should be checked regularly.
Primary liver cancer has a high incidence in men over 40 years old, and the relevant population should pay more attention to physical examination and screening. Routine screening items: The screening items for liver cancer include liver function test, liver imaging examination, tumor marker detection, etc. Liver imaging examinations, such as liver ultrasound, can detect suspicious space-occupying lesions in the liver at an early stage; tumor marker detection, such as serum alpha-fetoprotein detection, can be used for the diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of primary liver cancer. The examinee should follow the medical supervision to complete the relevant examination.
Liver cancer
