Rheumatism is a common self-immunised disease that has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients. Knowledge of their morbidity mechanisms and routine care methods is essential for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients.
Rheumatological arthritis is a complex mechanism involving a number of factors, including genetic, environmental and immune factors. From a genetic point of view, certain specific genetic variations increase the risk of individual disease. For example, genes such as HLA-DR4 are closely related to the susceptibility of rheumatism. When individuals carry these risk genes, they are more likely to have a disease, triggered by specific environmental factors. Environmental factors also play an important role in the onset of the disease. Tobacco use is a clear trigger, and harmful substances in tobacco can lead to immunosuppressive imbalances in the body. In addition, long-term exposure to infection in certain micro-organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, may lead to the wrong attack by the body immune system on its own joint tissue through molecular simulation mechanisms.
In the area of immunization, rheumatism is mainly due to a disorder in the body immune system. Immunocellular cells, such as T-cells, B-cells, etc., that were originally used against alien pathogens. Visible T-cells can release a variety of inflammatory factors, such as tumour necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha), white-cell media-6 (IL-6), which further activate the musculoskeletal cells in the muscular membranes of the joint. In an inflammatory environment, the joints can increase and form angiogenesis. Angiogenesis erodes joint cartilage and bone tissue, causing joint structural damage, joint deformities and, in turn, pain, swelling and movement restrictions.
For people with rheumatism arthritis, routine care is an important part of disease management. The first is the protection of joints, in which patients avoid overuse of joints in their daily lives, such as long liftings, frequent climbings and stairs. In carrying out their daily activities, the joint burden can be reduced by means of assistive devices such as canes, walking aids, etc. Second, be careful to keep warm, and cold irritation reduces the blood vessels around the joint, increases pain and stiffness. Patients should be supplied with clothing in a timely manner, in accordance with weather changes, especially when there are seasonal shifts and cold weather, such as gloves and knee protection.
Physical exercise is also essential for maintaining joint functions. Patients should choose their own sport, such as walking, swimming, Tai Chi boxing, etc. These movements can increase muscle strength around the joints and improve joint flexibility, but care about the strength and time of the movement and avoid overwork. For example, a gradual increase in the volume of sport can start with a short, low-intensity movement per day.
With regard to dietary care, patients should follow the principle of a balanced diet and receive more food with protein, vitamins and minerals, such as skinny meat, fish, fresh vegetables and fruits. At the same time, high-fat, sugar-rich foods need to be reduced and body weight increases to increase the joint burden. Psychological care is equally important. As rheumatism is a chronic disease, patients suffer from long-term illness and are vulnerable to ailments such as anxiety and depression. Families and friends should give the patient adequate care and support, and the patient himself can reduce psychological stress by listening to music, reading, etc. and remain positive and optimistic about the disease.
In general, the incidence of rheumatism is the result of a multi-factor interaction, and scientifically sound day-to-day care is an essential part of the integrated treatment of rheumatism that can effectively mitigate symptoms, slow the progress of disease and improve the quality of life of patients.
