Crohn’s Disease, CD is one of the types of inflammatory intestinal diseases that can exhaust the whole digestive tract from the mouth to the anus, but the most common are the remnant and adjacent colons. CDs are characterized by tremors of intestinal mucous membranes, leading to bulge formation and fibrosis, which in turn causes complications such as narrowness, fistula and sepsis. The exact cause of the CD is not yet entirely clear, but involves a complex interplay of genetic, immune and environmental factors.
I. Clinical performance
The clinical performance of Crohn ‘ s disease is diverse, with the main symptoms being:
1 Abdominal abdominal pain: The pain is often felt in the lower right abdominal or umbilical weeks or is likely to increase after eating.
Diarrhoea: Diarrhoea is a common symptom, and faeces may contain blood and slime, but not all patients have blood.
3 Weight loss: Patients tend to lose weight due to reduced appetite, poor absorption and chronic consumption.
4 All-body symptoms: Some of the patients may have all-body symptoms such as fever, inactivity and anaemia.
5 Out of the intestinal tract: for example, arthritis, skin changes (e.g., arthritis, noma sepsis), eye inflammation (e.g., grapes).
6 Complications such as intestinal infarction, fistula, sepsis, anal fracture, etc.
II. EMERGENCY MECHANISMS:
Immuno-system anomalies: Immunocellular cells such as T-cells, B-cells and megacormic cells play an important role in the inflammation process.
2 Genetic factors: Genetic factors play an important role in the incidence of CDs. Several genetic sites, such as NOD2/CARD 15 and AG16L1, are related to the susceptibility of CDs.
Environmental factors: Environmental factors such as smoking, eating habits, antibiotics use may induce or exacerbate CDs. For example, smoking is a strong risk factor for CDs.
4-intestinal microbial group disorders: The intestinal microbial group composition of a CD patient is different from that of a healthy person, and the proliferation of certain pathogenic bacteria can exacerbate inflammation.
III. Inducing factors:
Dietary factors: High fat, high sugar and low fibre diets may increase the risk of CDs.
2 Pressure: Mental stress and emotional volatility can induce or exacerbate CD symptoms.
3 Infection: Certain viruses or bacterial infections may induce CDs.
4 Drugs: Certain drugs, such as non-paralytic anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), may induce or exacerbate CDs.
IV. Diagnosis
Medical history and medical examination: a thorough medical examination of the patient ‘ s symptoms, family history and life habits.
2 Laboratory examinations: including blood routines, blood sank, C Reaction Protein (CRP), iron metabolic indicators, etc., to assess inflammation levels and anaemia.
3 faeces: detection of hidden blood, white cells, parasites etc., excluding other intestinal diseases.
4 Endoscopy: colonoscopy and small colonoscopy are important tools for diagnosing CDs, allowing direct observation of intestinal inflammations and ulcer, as well as a pathological examination for a live examination.
6 Visual examinations, such as abdominal CT, MRI, small intestine imaging, etc., to assess the scope and extent of inflammation and to exclude other complications.
7 Capacitors: For patients with a wider range of pathologies, capsules can help to assess the whole intestine.
Treatment
1. Drug treatment:
1 Amino-water canyon acids, such as mesalamine, are used mainly for light-to-medium CD treatment.
2 Sugar cortex hormones: such as Prednisone, which is used for the acute onset period of medium-to-heavy CDs, can quickly control inflammation, but has side effects from long-term use.
3 Immunomodifiers: e.g. Azathioprine, 6-giazine (6-MP) to maintain the use of sugar-coated hormones.
4 Biological agents, such as Infliximab and Adalimumab, are used for medium-to-heavy CD patients who are less responsive to traditional medicines and work by inhibiting inflammation factors such as TNF-α.
5 Antibiotics, such as Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, used to control infections and fistula formation.
2. Surgical treatment: Patients with ineffective drug treatment or serious complications (e.g., intestinal infarction, fistula, sepsis) may require surgical treatment, such as intestinal amputations, fistula repair, etc.
3. Support for treatment:
1 Nutritional support: ensure sufficient calorie and protein intake to correct electrolyte disorders, if necessary with intestine or intestine nutritional support.
2. Psychological support: help patients cope with the psychological stress caused by the disease through psychological counselling and psychotherapy.
Prevention
A healthy diet: balanced diet, avoiding high fat, high sugar, low-fibrous food, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruit.
2. Modular exercise: Physical exercise is carried out at regular intervals in order to improve health.
3 Depression: Reduce mental stress by meditation, yoga, etc., and avoid emotional fluctuations.
4 Stop smoking: Stop smoking helps to reduce the risk of CDs.
Periodic medical check-ups: periodic endoscopy and video-testing to detect and treat early pathologies in a timely manner.
Cronn’s disease.
