The influenza pandemic, known as influenza, is an acute respiratory epidemic caused by influenza viruses. Not only is it widespread on a global scale, but it has become an important focus in the area of public health because of its high levels of infectiousness and possible serious complications. We will look at the definition of influenza, pathology, epidemiological characteristics, clinical performance, treatment and prevention in a comprehensive and in-depth manner.
First, definition and pathology of influenza: influenza is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses, characterized by sudden onset, high heat, headaches, muscle pains, severe fatigue, dry cough, throat pains, snot or nose plugs, and possible gastrointestinal symptoms. The influenza virus, which is an amphibious virus, is classified into categories A, B and C, of which influenza A virus (e.g. H1N1, H3N2) is the main pathogen that causes seasonal and pandemic due to the frequency of antigen variability.
II. Epidemic characteristics and modes of transmission: Influenza is highly seasonal, usually in temperate areas, with a high incidence in the winter, while in the tropics and subtropical regions cases can occur throughout the year. Influenza viruses are transmitted mainly through air foam (e.g., cough, particles released during sneezing) and through direct contact with contaminated items, touching the nose and nose. In addition, crowd-intensive, poorly ventilated environments and poor hygiene practices are important factors in the spread of influenza.
Clinical performance and complications: The incubation period for influenza is usually one to four days, with sudden symptoms including high heat (usually over 38°C), cold warfare, headaches, muscle pain, severe fatigue, dry cough, throat pain, snot or nose plugs. Some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Children, the elderly, pregnant women and people suffering from chronic diseases are more likely to develop into severe influenza and even to cause serious complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis and encephalitis.
IV. Principles and methods of treatment: Treatment of influenza includes, inter alia, treatment of symptoms, treatment of antiretrovirals and prevention of complications. The treatment of symptoms is mainly abating the symptoms of fever, pain, cough, such as the use of antithermal painkillers, cough pills, etc. Anti-viral treatment is a direct attack against influenza viruses, and commonly used drugs are Ostave, Zanamwe, etc., but are to be used under the guidance of a doctor and as early as possible. The key to the prevention of complications lies in the close observation of changing conditions and timely access to health care, especially for high-risk populations.
Prevention strategies and measures: The key to preventing influenza lies in reducing exposure to the virus and enhancing physical immunity. The following are effective prevention strategies: Vaccination campaigns: Influenza vaccine is one of the most effective means of preventing influenza, especially for high-risk populations. Vaccines can stimulate the body to produce antibodies for influenza viruses, thus reducing the risk of infection. (c) Personal hygiene: to wash hands hard, wash hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and running water; to avoid touching nose and nose with hands; to cover with paper towels or elbows when coughing or sneezing; to avoid close contact with flu patients. Anthropogenic ventilation: Maintaining indoor air flow, regular window-opening, and reducing the indoor accumulation of viruses. A healthy lifestyle: a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C; adequate exercise to increase physical resistance; adequate sleep to avoid overwork. Avoid crowd gathering: minimize access to crowd-intensive sites during the high influenza season, and if necessary, wear masks to reduce the risk of inhalation of the virus. (c) Timely access to medical care: In case of flu symptoms, treatment should be done as soon as possible and in accordance with medical instructions to prevent further deterioration.
We can effectively reduce the incidence and spread of influenza through vaccination, improved hygiene, healthy lifestyles, avoiding crowding and timely access to health care. At the same time, coping mechanisms at the social level are crucial. Let us work hand in hand against the threat of influenza.
