Introduction to antibacterial drugs

Antibacterial drugs are drugs that inhibit or kill micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi and play a key role in the fight against infectious diseases, as detailed below: By source – Natural antibacterial drugs: e.g. penicillin, extracted from penicillin culture fluid. Penicillin is mainly directed at gland-positive bacteria, such as soluble streptococcus, pneumococcus, etc. There are also cytoxin, which originates in the cyanobacteria, which has effects on gland cactus, such as the tuberculosis fungi, and is one of the most common drugs used to treat tuberculosis. – Semi-synthetic antibacterial drugs: Structural adaptation based on natural antibacterial drugs. For example, aluminum is a semi-synthetic peptoxin-like drug with a much wider antibacterial spectrum than penicillin, with better antibacterial effects for some grelanes, and is often used to treat mild infections in areas such as the respiratory, urinary, etc. Categorized by operational characteristics – bactericides: bactericides during reproduction: β – intraamide-type drugs fall into this category. Amosilin, for example, can destroy the synthesis of bacterial cytowalls and cause bacteria to break up during the reproductive period due to cell wall failure. They are mainly used for the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases such as ear and nose. – Static microbicides: amino-sugar-type drugs are typical. Like Quintacolin, which interferes with protein synthesis by combining with bacterial nuclei, so that bacteria can also be killed during their static period, is often used to treat serious infectious diseases such as septicaemia and abdominal infections caused by grenacin. – Antibacterial: – Rapid antibacterial: Large methic esters are fast antibacterials. For example, Achicillin, which rapidly binds to bacterial nuclei, inhibits the synthesis of proteins, inhibits bacterial growth and reproduction, and is often used to treat secondary pneumonia, trachoma, etc. – Slow-off bacterial: sulfamics are slow-down bacterial. Sulfamide is antibacterial by inhibiting bacterial folic acid metabolism and is used mainly for the treatment of diseases such as epidemiological meningitis. Antibacterial spectrometry – narrow spectra antibacterials: antibacterials only for a few bacteria. For example, vancocin, which is primarily directed at gland positives, and especially against methooxysilin-yellen fungus (MRSA), has a strong antibacterial activity, which is often used to treat serious infections such as sepsis and endoritis caused by MRSA. – Wide spectrum antibacterial drugs: antibacterial effects on various bacteria. Tetracyclic drugs, for example, not only have effects on chlamydia and typhus, but are also effective for atypical pathogens such as chlamydia, lekte, which can be used to treat diseases such as scabies and typhus. Antibacterial drugs must be used in strict compliance with medical prescriptions and be used rationally in order to maximize their therapeutic effects, while reducing the generation of adverse reactions and resistant bacteria. Antibacterial drugs are a double-edged sword in clinical use, and the correct use of anti-bacterial drugs can effectively treat infectious diseases, but irrational use can have many adverse consequences. The following are relevant points for the clinical use of anti-bacterial drugs: Accommodative evidence is clear – diagnosis of the infection is required: clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms, signs, laboratory tests (e.g., blood routine signs of white and meso-particle cell rises, blood culture positives, etc.), visual tests (e.g., chest X-rays at lung infections or CT shadings). For example, a patient with heat, cough, cough, and cough, whose chest CT shows a specky shading of his lungs, with an increase in the total number of white cells and the proportion of neutral particles in the blood regime, at a time of high suspicion of bacterial pneumonia, could consider using antibacterial drugs. – Type of infection: After a specific bacterial infection, further determination of the type of infection is required, e.g., gland positive or gland cactus infections, aerobics or anaerobic infections. For example, anal anaesthesia may be a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic infections, and treatment requires the choice of antibacterial drugs that are effective for both types of bacteria, such as a combination of americoids. Select the right drug – based on the sensitive test: this is the most accurate way to select antibacterial drugs. Specimen (e.g., sluice, urine, blood, etc.) are collected from the infected part of the patient for development, and the pathogen is obtained before antibacterials that are sensitive to the pathogens are determined through a medically sensitive test. For example, when a person infected with the urology system has been bred with a large intestinal Ethylene in urine, the pharmacological test shows sensitivity to the left oxyfloxam, which is the appropriate drug for the patient. – Reference antibacterial spectrometry: antibacterial drugs may be selected on the basis of antibacterial spectrometry in cases of emergency where it is not possible to obtain the results of the drug-sensitive tests. When common pathogens of pneumonia are available in the community, such as pneumococococcal, symbiotic, etc., the choice is to have a large ringed mercuric or β-neamide drugs that are effective for these pathogens. Reasonable dosage and course of treatment – dosage: The dose should be adjusted to the patient ‘ s age, weight, liver and kidney function, etc. Drug dosages for children are usually calculated on the basis of body weight or surface area, and the reduction of doses may be required as a result of the reduction in liver and kidney function of older persons. For example, in cases of kidney failure, the dose should be adjusted to its acetic anhydride removal rate in order to avoid a toxic reaction due to the accumulation of the drug in the body. – Treatment: In general, after the symptoms of infection have disappeared and the indicators of laboratory testing have been regular, the medication must continue for some time. For example, general bacterial bladderitis is usually 3 – 7 days of treatment, while acute kidneyitis is typically 10 – 14 days of treatment. Co-medicine – Application: mainly used for the treatment of severe infections (e.g. sepsis, infectious endometriosis, etc.), mixed infections (e.g. peritonealitis, often associated with a combination of aerobics and anaerobics), and the prevention of the production of resistant bacteria. For example, in the treatment of tuberculosis, drugs such as amphibian, lifoping, and acetamide are commonly used in combination to improve the efficacy of treatment and to prevent the production of resistant bacteria. – Drug combinations: antibacterial drugs with different mechanisms should be selected for joint use. For example, the use of β-neamide drugs in combination with amino-sumitamide-type drugs and the destruction of bacterial cell walls by β-neamide-type drugs facilitate the entry of amino-ammonium-type drugs into the bacteria.