Some plant and animal body fluids, such as vinegar, alcohol, honey, and acetic acid, were found to be anti-bacterial in early humans. In 1928, Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin, an important milestone in the development of antibacterial drugs. In the 1940s, penicillin began to be industrially produced and widely used, destroying bacterial cystals, rendering bacteria inactivated and significantly changing the face of anti-bacterial treatment. From the 1940s to the 1960s, the detection of antibiotics such as cytocin, tetracyclics, chlorcin, pycin, thiocin, mecin and erycin have further enriched the range of antibacterial drugs and improved clinical treatment. After the 1960s, artificial production of semi-synthetic antibiotics began, such as the opening of a semi-synthetic penicillin production path following the synthesis of 6-aminocyanacin acid in 1958, and the discovery of a hemorrhoid C in 1961 and the synthesis of a number of highly active semi-synthetic enzymes. The problem of bacterial resistance has been highlighted with the widespread use of antibacterial drugs. As a result, new antibacterials have been developed, such as β-nimide antibiotics and enzyme inhibitor complexes, to overcome bacterial resistance.
Classification of common antibacterial drugs
Beta-nimide
Penicillin, e.g. penicillin G, is used mainly to treat infections caused by soluble streptococcus, pneumococcus, etc., such as oscillitis, pneumonia, etc. Its mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Capacitoxin: with head accelerant, head fursin, etc. Capricorn can be used to treat mild infections in the respiratory and urinary tracts; it has a broader antibacterial spectrum and can also be used in bacteria that produce enzymes and can be used for more severe infections.
Amino sugar
It includes Qing Dynamycin and Amikane. Quincin is often used for the treatment of cactus infections, such as intestinal infections and infections in the urinary system, and Amica is more resistant to drug-resistant bacteria and can be used for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria with other aminomal sugar. This drug is mainly a disincentive to the synthesis of bacterial proteins.
Large ring esters
Carcinin and Achicillin are common substances in the large ring of esters. Carcinin can be used to treat styroid pneumonia, infant pneumonia caused by trachoma, etc. Achicillin antibacterial spectroscopy is similar to erycin, but it is more effective and has long-lasting characteristics, with relatively short life cycles.
Tetracyclic
Tetracycline, Dossicycline is more common. Tetracycline has been used extensively to treat multiple bacterial infections, but is now used less because of drug resistance problems. Dossi cycline can be used for the treatment of diseases such as lectic disease, secondary infections and malaria prevention.
Quinonone
For example, Nofluoride, Left Oxygen. Noflosat is mainly used to treat intestinal and urinary infections; left-oxen fluorosalt resistance is wide, antibacterial and effective for a wide range of infections, including respiratory infections and skin soft tissue infections. They mainly inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA rotor enzymes (bacterical amphiboles II) and hinder the reproduction of bacterial DNA.
The use of these anti-bacterial drugs needs to be done under the guidance of a doctor to avoid abuse leading to resistance. Principles and care for the use of common antibacterial drugs are described below.
Principles of use
Explicit diagnosis: Bacteriological infection must be identified before it is used because antibacterial drugs are not effective for viral infections. For example, common colds, mostly caused by viruses, usually do not require antibacterials.
Targeted drug: Select appropriate antibacterial drugs based on pathogen type and drug sensitivity test results. For example, the treatment of golden septococcus infection is optional for penicillin resistance.
Appropriate dosages and treatment procedures: dosages are appropriate, dosages are too small to be treated, and excessive can have toxic side effects. The treatment process is also sufficient, as for tuberculosis treatment, for a short period of 6 – 9 months and for a long period of 12 – 18 months, to ensure the complete elimination of pathogens.
Avoid abuse: Abuse leads to increased bacterial resistance. The random use of a drug such as a hemorrhoid can reduce bacteria ‘ sensitivity to such a drug. Special population groups: special population groups such as pregnant women, nursing women and children should be used with caution. For example, amino sugar can affect the hearing of foetuses and children, and pregnant women and children generally avoid use.
Joint drug use: Joint use should take into account the interaction between drugs. For example, combinations of chlorocin and large cyclic esters may compete for joint parts, leading to reduced efficacy. (b) Observation of adverse effects: be observed during use. Gastrointestinal reactions, central nervous system reactions, etc. may occur if quinone-type drugs are used, and they need to be treated in a timely manner if they become uncomfortable.
What is the rationale for the well-known conflict between headbump antibacterial drugs and alcohol? The use of the twig with alcohol produces a double-sulphurium reaction. The rationale for the double-sulphurium sample reaction is that the acetylene dehydrogenase activity can be inhibited by apricot. When alcohol (ethanol) enters the human body, it is converted to ethanol dehydrogenase, which normally becomes acetic acid soon after ethanol dehydrogenase, and eventually decomposes into carbon dioxide and water discharges. However, the acetal dehydrogenase is inhibited by the administration of the edium acetylene, which is not readily metabolismable and accumulates in the body. Symptoms include, inter alia, facial redness, haematoma, haematoma, blurred vision, severe or vibrating headaches in the neck, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, drying, chest pain, heart infarction, acute heart failure, breathing difficulties, acute liver damage, convulsion and death. The severity of this reaction is proportional to the dose of the drug and to the amount of alcohol consumed, and there is a different likelihood of a double-sulphuron-like reaction of different headgills. This reaction is more likely to occur in the case of head aqualone, cedars, etc. In order to avoid danger, drinking is prohibited for 7 – 10 days during the use of a head-stamp drug and after a stoppage.
With the development of medicine, antibacterial drugs from different mechanisms are widely used in clinical and daily life, so we need to be better equipped with the principles of the use of antibacterial drugs, to be aware of the matter and to use them safely and correctly. In recent years, however, research on new types of antibacterial drugs, such as antibacterium, has developed rapidly, offering new hope for addressing the problem of bacterial resistance.
