Keep your blood pressure steady and avoid a heart “pedal” – a “guideline” for high blood pressure patients to smooth through the winter.

It is believed that many high-tension patients have experience: blood pressure tends to be easy to control when the weather warms, and even low blood pressure requires a reduction, but it starts to rise as the weather cools. Winter is coming, and here we have prepared the following “guidelines” for your high blood pressure friends, to keep their blood pressure stable, to avoid cardiovascular events and to help your patients survive the winter.I. Temperature increases blood pressure and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseaseFollowing the cold, the relevant sections for cardiovascular diseases are beginning to be busy again because of the significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to low temperatures. Studies have shown a 41 per cent increase in the mortality rate associated with cardiovascular diseases in winter compared with the summer, an almost half increase in related deaths among pawns and a one third [1] increase in ischaemic heart disease deaths.At low temperatures, on the one hand, cold skin is felt and, in order to reduce heat dissipation, the blood vessels are constricted, regulated by the nervous system and hormones, which leads to increased blood pressure, on the other hand, a decrease in winter movement, a decrease in sweating, and a relative increase in sodium sodium retention and blood capacity, leading to increased blood pressure. These changes in the body increase blood pressure, increase the heart burden and induce amulatory symptoms, while hypertensive and vascular constrictions can lead to cardiovascular accidents. The study showed an increase of 21 per cent in the mortality rate associated with cardiovascular diseases for each 10°C reduction of outdoor temperatures and 6.2 mm mercury column of constriction pressure. Also at an equally low temperature, the contraction of patients with cardiovascular diseases has increased by more than twice [2] the rate of healthy people, making them more vulnerable to accidents.II. Guidance on winterization for patients with hypertensionOne, keep warm.High blood pressure patients themselves are often associated with acoustic sclerosis, reduced vascular adaptability, and reduced self-regulating blood pressure, which can cause blood pressure fluctuations when indoor and outdoor temperatures change significantly, sometimes with headaches and dizziness. In order to prevent the sudden onset of cardiovascular disease due to unstable blood pressure, appropriate clothing should be added and heat should be kept when out. Outside travel may be appropriately reduced at particularly low outdoor temperatures.Owing to the varying sensitivity of the cold to various parts of the body, the most sensitive of the neck, the least sensitive of the limbs, and the coldness of the respiratory tract can also cause increased blood pressure. So when you wear enough clothing to keep you warm, you can wear a hat to protect your head and a cold irritation to protect your nose and mouth and your respiratory tract with a mask so that your blood pressure can be avoided.2. Resisting on appropriate motionPhysical activity can not only contain weight and relax, but also contribute to angiogenesis, and a suitable amount of sweating can reduce sodium sodium retention, thus achieving depressive and stable blood pressure. However, it takes time for exercise to take place in cold weather, which can be delayed appropriately in the morning, and to prepare for and warm up before going out. The daily depressurizer and blood pressure should be measured prior to exercise outside the home, as most people have high morning blood pressure, which should be reduced if significant increase is observed. Outdoor activities can be reduced in times of extreme weather, not to stay outdoors for long periods, and can be replaced by indoor exercise.Winter exercise should be moderate and avoid high-intensity, long-term exercise, with medium-intensity [heart rate = (220-age) x (60-70 per cent) and repeat/minus], 4-7 per week for 30-60 minutes each and aerobics (walking, jogging, cycling and swimming, etc.).3. Maintain healthy eating habitsThe cold people often prefer hot pots and drink alcohol, but high blood pressure patients should maintain healthy eating habits. The body is prone to sodium sodium leaching due to lower temperatures, and sodium sodium sodium leaching should be maintained in low salt diets to avoid increased blood pressure; tobacco and alcohol intake is a high risk factor for various types of cardiovascular disease, and both healthy and high blood pressure patients should reduce alcohol and tobacco intake and avoid cardiovascular events.Reduce the use of salt and other sodium-containing spices (salt < 6 g) in cooking and minimize or reduce processed foods with a high sodium salt content, such as pickles, ham, various types of frying and pickles. It is recommended to increase the intake of potassium-rich foods (fresh vegetables, fruits and beans) and to reduce the intake of sugared drinks, red meat and foods with saturated fat and cholesterol.4. Working blood pressure and timely re-diagnosticsWhen the patient finds out that the pressure-relief programme that worked in the summer was now out of control and that blood pressure is more volatile, do not panic. It should be understood that this is a normal response to blood pressure fluctuations caused by various factors during the winter. At this point, blood pressure should be measured and recorded, and if the blood pressure continues to be greater than 140/90 mmHg, or there are symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, etc., should be treated in a timely manner and the medication adjusted under the direction of a doctor. Do not blindly adjust or stop medications, otherwise there may be serious complications if they are not properly used.5. Bearing in mind the goal of reducing pressure — to achieve, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from, to benefit from,Studies have shown that the cardiovascular benefits of pressure-relief pills come from the per se decrease in blood pressure, so that high blood pressure patients, with the help of doctors, should try to keep blood pressure control as stable as possible. Early, early and long-term benefits.Pressure relief for all categories of patients meeting target: [3]Specific groupsPressure relief target valuePure hypertension.120/70 mm/Hg target blood pressure < 130/80 mm/Hg; 65 year target blood pressure < 140/90 mm/HgCombining coronary heart diseaseTarget blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, elderly patient < 140/80 mmHg.Combining headsTarget blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, elderly patient < 140/80 mmHg.Combining heart failureTarget blood pressure 120/70 mmHg.Combining chronic kidney diseaseTarget blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, elderly < 140/90 mmHg.Combining slow-retarded lungs.Target blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, elderly < 140/90 mmHgCombining diabetesTarget blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, elderly < 140/90 mmHg.In order to increase the rate of high blood pressure compliance and to strengthen the level of self-management of patients, our institution has applied for the establishment of a national high blood pressure compliance centre, which will provide follow-up and patient education for high blood pressure patients who have been treated in my hospital by telephone, outpatients, etc.In short, high blood pressure patients should at all times maintain good living habits, maintain adequate exercise, regularly monitor blood pressure and re-diagnostics, and provide temporary heating measures in winter.References:Yang L, Li L, Lewington S, Guo Y, Shelliker P, Bian Z, Collins R, Peto R, Liu Y, Yang R, Zhang Y, Li G, Liu S, Chen Z; China Kadoorie Biobank Study Columbia, Outdor Typerature, blood presure, and cardiovascular Disease Montality among 23,000 individuals with diagnosed cardiovasculars from China. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36 (19): 1178-1185.Wang Q, Li C, Guo Y, Barnett AG, Tong S, Phung D, Chu C, Dear K, Wang X, Huang C. Environmental assistance and blood presure in languages: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Angeli F. The 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension practice guidelines – keymessages and critical communications.