Primary Biliary Cholangitis, PBC is a chronic, progressive, self-immuno-hepatitis that mainly affects cerelines in the liver. The destruction of the choreography leads to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver, leading to hepatitis inflammation, fibrosis and, eventually, to cirrhosis or liver failure. In the past, the PBC was referred to as “pre-emergence cirrhosis”, but since the early onset of the disease was not reflected in cirrhosis, the medical community renamed it “cowarditis” to describe its pathological characteristics more accurately.
Causes and mechanisms of morbidity in PBC
Although the exact cause of the illness of the PBC is yet to be fully identified, its pathological mechanisms are largely related to its own immune system. The following factors may be relevant to the PBC:
1. Self-immunization response
Among the PBC patients, the immune system wrongfully attacked chord cells in the liver. The attack was mainly guided by T-cells, leading to chord cell damage and death. The AMA is the symbol antibody of the PBC and can be detected in over 90 per cent of patients.
Genetic factors
Research shows that the PBC has a certain genetic orientation within the family. The significant increase in the risk of illness among populations with a history of the PBC family suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the occurrence of disease.
3. Environmental factors
Some environmental triggers may trigger PBCs, such as bacterial or viral infections, exposure to toxins, smoking, etc. These external stimuli can trigger a self-immunization response by the susceptible individuals, thus triggering the disease.
The typical symptoms of the PBC
The early stages of the PBC may not be marked, and many patients are detected through abnormal liver function tests during routine medical examinations. As the condition progresses, the symptoms may gradually appear, including:
1. Wearyness
Wearyness is one of the most common symptoms of the PBC and one of the main causes of the impact on the quality of life of patients. This fatigue is usually continuous and has nothing to do with sleep and rest.
Skin itching
Itching is another common symptom of the PBC, which may be associated with the accumulation of toxic substances caused by cholesterol. Itching usually increases at night and interferes with sleep when severe.
3. Yellow
When the cholesterol is severely silted, the patient may have yellow salivated, i.e., white eyes and yellow skin, due to increased levels of chlamydia.
4. Right upper abdominal disorder
Some of the patients may feel hidden pain or oppression in the liver, usually due to hepatitis or fibrosis.
5. Other symptoms
As the condition increases, the patients may suffer from poor fat absorption (fat fatty laxity), loss of body weight, osteoporosis and vitamin deficiency.
PBC diagnostic methodology
The diagnosis of the PBC is usually based on an integrated analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory and video tests. The following are common diagnostic methods:
1. Blood testing
Anti-lined particle antibodies (AMA): positive for more than 90% of PBC patients is the “gold standard” for disease diagnosis.
Hepatic function detection: e.g., increased levels of alkaline phosphate enzymes (ALP) and acetamase (ALT).
2. Visual inspection
Screenings such as liver ultrasound, CT or MRI can be used to exclude other liver and urchin diseases such as gallstones or tumours.
3. Liver work
When the diagnosis is not clear, hepatitis can help to identify the disease and assess its progress.
PBC treatment and management
At present, the PBC is not in a position to cure completely, but through early diagnosis and scientific treatment, the patient ‘ s condition can be effectively controlled and the quality of life significantly improved.
1. Drug treatment
UDCA
UDCA is the first-line drug for PBC treatment, which improves the flow of bourbon and slows progress. About 60 to 70 per cent of patients responded well to the drug.
Obylchoric acid (OCA)
Obedic acid is used as a second-line treatment option for patients who are less responsive to UDCA.
Treatment
For itching, anti-monthamine or cholesterol combinations such as cavity may be used; calcium and vitamin D supplementation is important for osteoporosis.
2. Lifestyle adjustments
Healthy diet
Avoid high fat and sugar diets, reduce liver burden and maintain balanced nutrition.
Stop smoking and drink.
Tobacco and alcohol use can increase liver damage and should be avoided altogether.
Appropriate exercise
Sport helps maintain bone health and alleviates fatigue.
3. Liver transplant
For those with advanced cirrhosis or liver failure, liver transplants are the only cure. Patients after transplantation usually have a better life expectancy of over 80 per cent over five years.
PBC forward and attention
With advances in medical technology, the advance of PBC patients has improved significantly. Early diagnosis and treatment can slow the progress of the disease and enable most patients to maintain a good quality of life for decades. However, there is a risk of liver failure for patients who are moving rapidly or are not diagnosed in a timely manner.
The patient needs to be aware that:
1. Regular follow-up visits to monitor liver function and disease progress.
2. Avoid the use of substances that may damage the liver, such as certain antibiotics and painkillers.
3. Focus on bone health and prevent fractures.
Summary
Despite being a chronic disease, primary cholesterol choreitis can sustain a better quality of life in the long term through early diagnosis, scientific treatment and positive lifestyle adjustments. Understanding the symptoms and hazards of the PBC is particularly important for early detection and intervention. In the case of unspecified fatigue, itching or yellow sting, timely medical treatment should be provided to avoid further development.
Original choreography.
