Knowledge, prevention and treatment of breast cancer diseases

In today’s society, breast cancer has become one of the common malignant tumours that threaten women’s health. Knowledge of breast cancer and effective preventive measures are essential to the physical and mental health of women. I. What’s breast cancer? Breast cancer is a malignant tumour that occurs in the mammography. Breasts are not a vital organ for the survival of human life and in situ breast cancer is not fatal, but they are loosely connected and easily released because of the loss of normal cell characteristics. Once the cancer cells fall off, the free cancer cells can disperse their bodies with blood or lymph fluid, form a diversion and endanger life. Symptoms of breast cancer include, inter alia, mammograms, nipple spills, skin changes, nipple spasm abnormalities, and lymphoma swollen lymphoma in armpits. However, early breast cancer often has no visible symptoms, which requires vigilance and regular breast screening. Is breast cancer far from us? Although mammograms and growth rates are low, this does not mean that breast cancer is far from us. According to World Health Organization data, in 2020, new cases of breast cancer exceeded lung cancer, making it the most common cancer in the world. In China, breast cancer is also the highest among tumours among women. And lifestyle changes, environmental factors, genetic factors, etc. can increase the risk of breast cancer. III. Who is at high risk of breast cancer? 1. Population with family genetic history. If close relatives (mothers, sisters, daughters, etc.) have breast cancer in the family, there is a significant increase in their own risk of breast cancer. 2. Early and late menstrual women. The onset of menstruation is older than 12 years of age, and the menstruation age is later than 55 years, with longer periods of exposure to estrogen and a relatively high risk of breast cancer. 3. Women who have not given birth or who have given birth at a late age and who have not breastfed. 4. Population with long-term use of estrogens or health products. 5. The number of women drinking and smoking has been high. 6. Over-obese populations, especially post-menopausal obesity. 7. Women with chronic stress and emotional instability. Diagnosis of breast cancer usually requires a combination of methods, including clinical, visual, pathological, etc. Clinical examination: Doctors observe breast appearance, skin condition, mammograms and armpits through visits and visits, and check for abnormalities such as swelling, knots, skin dents, breast spills, etc. 1. Breast ultrasound: The internal structure of the breast can be clearly shown, helping to detect swelling, to judge the nature of the swelling (cyst or physical), to understand the blood flow of the swelling, etc. Breast X-ray photography (mixed): sensitive to microcalcified stoves in the breast, which contribute to early detection of breast cancer. 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): The diagnosis of mammography is highly accurate, especially in cases where detection is difficult. Pathological examination: the gold standard for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The pathological analysis is usually carried out through a stabbing biopsy or surgery to remove swelling, identifying the type, grade, stage, etc. of the tumor. V. How to prevent breast cancer? To maintain a healthy lifestyle. To balance diets, to increase the intake of nutritious foods such as vegetables, fruits and whole grains, and to reduce the intake of high fats, high heat and high sugar. Momentum motion, with a minimum of 150 minutes of aerobics per week, e.g., walking, jogging, swimming. Keep up enough sleep to avoid staying up late. Obesity is an important risk factor for breast cancer and can help reduce the risk of breast cancer by controlling weight through a reasonable diet and exercise. 3. Reduce hormonal ingestion and avoid the long-term use of cosmetics, health care and drugs containing estrogen. 4. Regular breast screening is recommended for women starting at the age of 20, to conduct a monthly self-mammography check to understand the normal form and touch of the breast, and to seek medical treatment in an abnormally timely manner. A breast ultrasound and mammography X-line check is performed annually for women over 40. Learn to release stress, to remain in a good mood, to avoid long periods of stress, anxiety, depression, etc. The treatment of breast cancer. The most common forms of surgery include breast cancer root surgery, breast-milk surgery, etc. Breast cancer sterilisation removes the whole breast and related tissue, while breast-painting preserves the breast to the extent possible, while ensuring the efficacy of the treatment. Doctors choose the appropriate procedure depending on the size of the tumor, its location and the wishes of the patient. 2. Treatment uses radiation to kill cancer cells. It is generally performed after surgery, mainly for the regions where the tumors are found and for lymphoma knots with possible cancer cells, to reduce the likelihood of local recurrence. Treatment may lead to red skin, dry, itching, etc., but is usually temporary. chemotherapy inhibits the growth and fragmentation of cancer cells through the use of drugs. It can reduce tumours before the operation and make the operation easier; it can also remove remaining cancer cells after the operation and reduce the risk of relapse. chemotherapy can cause side effects such as disempowerment, nausea, vomiting and reduced immunity, but these side effects are usually gradually reduced after treatment has ended. 4. Endocrine treatment is an effective tool for hormonal positive breast cancer patients. The growth of cancer cells is inhibited by drug inhibition of estrogen in the body. Such treatment usually takes place over a long period of time, and patients are required to strictly follow medical prescriptions. 5. Target-oriented treatment is used for specific target points in tumour cells, such as HeR2 positive patients, to treat drugs. Target treatment has the advantage of being highly targeted and having relatively small side effects. Other treatments, also known as “immunotherapy”, are divided into three categories: 1 immunosuppressant, which prevents tumour cells from “smuggling” the immune system, so that tumours can be attacked; 2 tumour vaccines, which have the effect of preventing morbidity and helping the immune system to attack tumour cells; and 3 ambulatory treatment of tumours.