1. Universality of psychological problems
At present, the incidence of breast cancer among Chinese women remains high and has become one of the common malignant tumours that seriously affect the physical and mental health of women. Numerous studies have shown that the prevalence of mental disorders among breast cancer patients is high in China, with negative emotional and mental disorders ranging from 15 to 45 per cent. Among women suffering from mental disorders, the symptoms varied. Nearly 40 per cent of patients have negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, fear, impulse, assault, etc., and nearly 20 per cent suffer from body behaviour and insomnia as dominant symptoms.
2. Different stages of psychological change
The waiting period: When the disease is not diagnosed, many women are in the waiting period, at which point they tend to be suspicious, confused, incomprehensible and negative. They are disturbed by the abnormal state of their bodies and are not sure if they are actually suffering from serious diseases and are filled with fear and fear of unknown. The diagnosis period: When the disease is diagnosed and you know you have breast cancer, many people experience anger, anxiety, depression, etc. Angry may result from a sense of injustice to fate, and why they suffer from the disease; anxiety is a source of uncertainty about the efficacy of the treatment of the disease and the future of life; depression may be due to despair and helplessness.
Treatment period: During the traumatic phase, the psychological level of the majority of women changes more. Anxieties, depression and insomnia often plague patients and may result in language and behaviour attacking others. This is due to the physical pain and psychological stress of treatment, which increases the emotional instability of patients.
(b) Period of rehabilitation: When a stage of treatment has been initiated, the patient still has doubts and anxiety about the future. The loss of organs leads to low self-esteem, especially the loss of breasts, which makes the female patient feel that her female identity has been compromised and her self-esteem undermined. They fear that their image and position in society will change and that they will be discriminated against or rejected by others.
II. Importance of psychological guidance
1. Upgrading post-operative survival
The construction of the psychological and spiritual levels is an essential contribution to the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and survival of breast cancer patients. Studies have shown that patients who are in good pre-operative mental health are less responsive and less likely to have post-operative complications, while survival rates increase significantly over five and ten years.
The treatment of breast cancer, as a malignant tumor, not only causes great trauma to the patient ‘ s body, but also places a heavy psychological burden on the patient. Breasts, as one of the second sexual traits of women, change in their appearance and adverse reactions in the course of treatment, such as nausea, vomiting and hair loss from chemotherapy, have a negative impact on the patient ‘ s mental well-being. Psychological guidance is therefore essential for breast cancer patients.
Prior to the operation, the success rate and post-operative recovery would be better if the patient was able to build psychologically, accept the status quo and face the disease. Psychological care runs throughout the treatment of the disease, and social, medical and family forces should work together to support the patients. Medical treatment is also available if the patient is suffering from serious symptoms.
In the case of persons during rehabilitation, physical deficiencies and trauma may make it difficult for them to adapt to life. At this point in time, positive education at the cognitive level is important to make people aware of the need to embrace and embrace the status quo in the face of loss, to plan their own lives and to expand available resources. At the same time, the care and support of family members is essential for the recovery of patients. While the process of accompanying them is difficult, family understanding and support can give patients a strong incentive to better adapt to life.
In general, psychotherapy plays an important role in increasing the post-operative survival of breast cancer patients. Through the construction of the psychological and spiritual levels, patients are better able to cope with disease, improve their quality of life and increase their survival.
III. PRESENTATION METHODOLOGY
1. Knowledge of diseases
Breast cancer is a common malignant neoplasm in women, and its causes are complex and may be related to a variety of factors, including genetic, lifestyle and environment. Current treatments include, inter alia, surgery, chemotherapy, decomposition and endocrine treatment. During the rehabilitation period, patients need to be careful to maintain good living habits, to review regularly, to avoid overwork, etc. By disseminating information about these diseases to patients, they can reduce their fear and anxiety about the unknown and make them more aware of their condition and treatment programmes, thus participating actively in the development of treatment and rehabilitation programmes.
2. Psychological skills
Cognitive behaviour therapy, relaxation training and active psychology are used, for example, to induce patients to practice deep breathing, gradual muscle relaxation, etc., to ease anxiety and stress. Cognitive behaviour therapy helps patients to adjust their mindsets and change negative cognitive patterns, thereby reducing negative emotions. Relaxation can be achieved through physical relaxation, which can ease the anxiety and stress of patients. Active psychology, on the other hand, focuses on fostering a positive mindset among patients, drawing their attention to their strengths and progress and enhancing their self-confidence. Patients are encouraged to focus on their strengths and progress, build self-confidence and change negative thinking patterns through cognitive re-engineering. Patients tend to fall into a negative mindset during their illness and feel useless. At this point, we can direct the patient ‘ s attention to his or her own virtues and progress, such as his or her courageous treatment of the painful process of surgery, chemotherapy and so on, which is progress. Through cognitive re-engineering, patients emerge from negative thinking patterns and build self-confidence.
3. Family and social support
Families provide emotional support and reduce the psychological burden on patients. Ms. Yiu, with the support and protection of her husband, alleviated the anxiety and suffering caused by the illness. Family members are the closest to the patient and their support and care are essential to the patient. Family members can accompany patients to health care, take care of their lives, listen to their voices, give them emotional support and reduce their psychological burden. Patients can participate in self-help organizations to obtain advice and information. Patients can participate in some self-help organisations for breast cancer patients to share experiences, feelings, advice and information with other patients. In self-help organizations, patients can feel that they are not alone in battle, thus enhancing confidence in fighting disease.
4. Self-adjusted methodology
Breathe deeply: adjust your mood. When the patient is anxious and nervous, the mood can be adjusted by deep breath. Take a deep breath and let the body go.
