Management of anaesthesia: key to post-pastification security
In modern medical practice, anaesthesia, as an important part of the surgical process, is essential for the patient ‘ s post-operative recovery and safety. Anaesthesia, i.e. the period between the patient ‘ s cessation of his or her acceptance of the substance and the complete restoration of his or her consciousness and the stabilization of his or her vital signs, is a crucial stage in the process of re-energizing his or her physiological function. This paper will provide detailed information on the management of anaesthesia, including its importance, common complications, preventive measures and care points, with the aim of raising public awareness of anaesthesia and promoting post-operative safety.
I. Importance of anaesthesia
Anaesthesia is a gradual transition from anaesthesia to a normal state of awakening. The length of the process depends on a number of factors, including the type of narcotic drugs, the amount used, the patient ‘ s state of health, the part of the operation and the length of time. In the wake of anaesthesia, the physical function of the patient is gradually returning to normal, but at the same time it is in a more vulnerable situation and prone to complications. Therefore, scientific and effective anaesthesia management is important for ensuring the safety of patients and promoting post-operative recovery.
II. Common complications of anaesthesia and its effects
The potential for complications during anaesthesia is diverse and includes mainly respiratory complications, circulatory complications, nervous complications, etc.
1. Respiratory complications
Respiratory inhibition and respiratory suspension: Respiratory central inhibition may result from drug residuals, in the form of shallow respiratory slowness, reduced haemooxysaturation and possibly even suspension in serious cases. Failure to do so in a timely manner may threaten the life of the patient.
Inhalation pneumonia: Patients who misinspire in gastric fluids, food residues or oral secretions may cause inhalation pneumonia, causing symptoms such as lung infections, respiratory difficulties and fever.
2. Circulatory system complications
Low blood pressure and cardiac disorders: Anesthesia can lead to vascular expansion and myocardial inhibition, causing low blood pressure; at the same time, the effects of anaesthesia on the heart-transmission system may cause a heart disorder.
3. Neural complications
Consciousness disorders, pretences and convulsions: Residual effects of narcotic drugs, electrolytic disorders or damage to the central nervous system may lead to these nervous system complications, which can be characterized by irritation, hysteria or convulsions.
III. Preventive measures for anaesthesia
To reduce the risk of anaesthesia complications, a number of preventive measures are required:
Pre-operative assessment and optimization
Prior to the operation, the doctor should conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient ‘ s state of health, history of past and drug allergy, etc. In the case of patients with high-risk factors, such as the elderly, persons with CPR deficiencies, etc., treatment should be optimized in advance, e.g., improvement of CPR function, correction of electrolyte disorders, etc.
Reasonable choice of narcotic drugs
Doctors should choose the appropriate narcotic drugs and dosages, depending on the patient ‘ s specific circumstances and the needs of the operation. Avoid overdose or inappropriate drugs to reduce complications.
3. Operational monitoring and management
In the course of the operation, the doctor shall closely monitor the vital signs and the depth of the anesthesia of the patient and adjust the quantity and speed of the substance in a timely manner. At the same time, the respiratory tracts are kept open and incidents such as suction and suffocation are avoided.
IV. Points for care in the wake of anaesthesia
The management of anaesthesia requires a professional care team that ensures the safety and comfort of patients through a range of care measures.
1. Keep the respiratory tract open
In the case of a person who is not awake, he or she shall take a side or a pillow and try to keep his or her respiratory tract open. If necessary, a catheter can be placed to closely observe the frequency and extent of the breathing.
2. Maintenance of the stability of the cycle system
Monitoring changes in the circulatory system such as observation of blood pressure, pulses, urine, skin colour, velocity of intravenous fluids and EK. Discrepancies such as low blood pressure and heart disorders are detected and addressed in a timely manner.
Pain management
Assessing the intensity of pain, giving painkillers or assisting patients with the application of self-controlled pain relief devices, as prescribed by the doctor. Effective pain management helps to alleviate the discomfort of patients and promotes post-operative recovery.
4. Body temperature management
Attention is paid to changes in the patient ‘ s body temperature, which increases or decreases depending on the patient ‘ s condition. Maintain appropriate room temperature to avoid symptoms such as cold war or fever due to low or high body temperature.
5. Trauma and flow management
See if the dressing is dry and if blood is seen. In the case of those who do not have a catheter, care is taken about the sufficiency of the bladder, and the patient is able to excrete himself or otherwise. Keep the pipes open and avoid infection.
6. Prevention of complications
In addition to the above-mentioned care measures, efforts should also be made to prevent the occurrence of complications such as scabies and deep veins. Preventive measures such as the use of air mattresses should be taken in cases where the patient is unable to turn over for a long period of time.
Criteria for the transfer of anaesthesia
When the patient is fully conscious and his vital signs are stable, a transfer from the anesthesia recovery room may be considered. Specific transfer criteria include:
Stewart scores >4;
(b) Patients who receive sedatives or analgesics after the rehabilitation of the ward after the operation, and who observe no unusual reaction for at least 30 minutes after the medication;
(a) The patient has been able to maintain an independent and open airway, where the oscillation and cough reflections have been restored, with normal ventilation and a frequency of 12-20 per minute, PaCO2 at normal range or pre-operative level, PaO2 above 9.33 kPa (70mmHg) and pre-operative SpO2 below 3-5 per cent;
No acute anaesthesia or surgical complications, such as haemorrhage of the aerobic chest or activity.
Concluding remarks
Anaesthesia is an essential part of the operation and is essential for the safety of patients. During this period, the biological function of the patient is being realigned and is prone to complications. Therefore, scientific and effective anaesthesia management is important for ensuring the safety of patients and promoting post-operative recovery. Medical personnel need to closely monitor changes in the vital signs of patients and take appropriate care to ensure their safety; at the same time, patients and their families need to be actively involved in the process and to work with health personnel to enable patients to successfully survive anaesthesia. Through the joint efforts of both medical and medical patients, we can better safeguard the lives of post-operative patients and promote their early recovery.
