In the area of stomach diseases, Menetrier ‘ s disease is relatively rare, as a mystery afflicting patients and medical personnel. Knowledge of the disease is important for early diagnosis, sound treatment and improvement of the quality of life of patients.
Menetrier ‘ s disease, also known as huge fat gastroenteritis, is a disease characterized by excessive growth in stomach mucous membranes. The exact cause of the disease is not yet entirely clear, but research suggests that it may be related to a number of factors. A number of studies have found that viral infections, particularly megacellular viruses, can play a role in the development of the disease. In addition, genetic factors may be involved, and some patients have family genetic tendencies suggesting that genetic anomalies may be associated with the susceptibility of the disease. Self-immunisation mechanisms are also suspected to be one of the causes of the disease, and the immune system of the organism may wrongly attack the gastric mucous cell, leading to excessive growth and thickness of the mucous film.
The major pathological changes in Mentrier disease are marked by a significant increase in stomach mucous membranes, especially in the stomach and at its base, where mucous membrane wrinkles are significantly increased, enlarged and contours can be reciprocated. This over-emerging mucous tissue affects the normal physiological function of the stomach, which in turn leads to a series of clinical symptoms. Patients usually experience pain in the upper abdominal, with varying levels of pain, which can be insinuated, swollen or blunt, often without a clear pattern of pain, which may be associated with eating or may occur during the abdominal period. At the same time, as a result of changes in the stomach mucous membranes, patients are often associated with indigestion symptoms, such as appetite loss, nausea and vomiting, which seriously affects the ingestion and absorption of nutrients. As the conditions progressed, large amounts of proteins from the stomach mucous membranes leaked, leading to low-protein haematosis in the form of oedema, which is common in the lower limbs, eyelids, etc., and, in serious cases, full-body oedema, even chest and stomach water.
The diagnosis of Menetrier ‘ s disease is not easy and requires a combination of tests. Stomach lenses are one of the key diagnostic methods through which fatty, wrinkled growth of the gastric mucous membranes can be observed directly, as well as scathing and haemorrhage on the surface of the mucous membrane. Pathopathological biopsy is an important basis for diagnosis, with pathological changes in the growth of epipelagic cells in the stomach mucous membrane, gland fattening and thickening of the mucous membrane, excluding other stomach diseases such as stomach cancer and lymphoma. In addition, laboratory tests are important for assessing the overall condition of patients, and seroprotein levels can detect low-proteins, and regular blood tests can provide information on whether the patient is anaemic. Gastrointestinal cavity screenings also help to observe stomach morphology and creeping and assist diagnostics.
Currently, the treatment for Menetrier ‘ s disease is based on the patient ‘ s specific condition and symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally applied to patients with milder symptoms and relatively stable conditions. First, adjusting the diet is an important link, and it is recommended that patients eat high proteins, high heat and digestive foods to supplement the nutritional loss caused by changes in stomach mucous membranes, while avoiding the consumption of irritating foods and reducing the irritation of stomach mucous membranes. For drug treatment, acidics, such as proton pump inhibitors, can be used to reduce gastric acid damage to gastric mucous membranes and to alleviate symptoms such as pain; for patients with insufficient stomach power, gastrointestinal motors can be used appropriately to improve digestive symptoms. For persons with low-protein haematosis, supplementary nutrients such as protein may be required to correct symptoms such as oedema.
In cases of poor or more serious conservative treatment, such as serious haemorrhage, obstruction or suspected malignant complications, surgical treatment may need to be considered. The procedure is usually carried out in the form of large stomach ectoptomy, which removes the pathological stomach tissue in order to alleviate symptoms and prevent further deterioration. However, there is a certain risk of surgical treatment and some post-operative complications, such as dumping syndromes, matching fistulas, etc., requiring careful assessment and decision-making by doctors on a patient-specific basis.
Although a rare and complex stomach disease, Menetrier ‘ s symptoms can be effectively controlled and the quality of life can be significantly improved as medical technology advances and awareness of the disease advances, through early diagnosis, individualized treatment programmes and the active collaboration of patients. Patients with unspecified abdominal disorders, indigestion, low-proteinemia and other symptoms should be treated in a timely manner, with a thorough examination, with a view to early and definitive diagnosis, appropriate treatment and the release of the rare puzzle in the stomach of the Menetrier disease, so that the patient can return to a healthy life.
Stomachitis
