Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and it is essential for hepatitis B patients to have access to scientifically effective prevention measures, not only for their own health but also for the safety of the surrounding population.
I. THE CONTEXT OF LIFE
Personal hygiene: patients with hepatitis B should maintain good hygiene practices. Hand-washing is a simple and critical step, with hands carefully washed with soap and running water after meals and after exposure to public goods, for at least 30 seconds at a time, so as to effectively clear the virus that may be contaminated on hand. For example, when patients travel on public transport, they may be exposed to viral contaminants on their hands, and timely hand washing reduces the risk of transmission.
Earnings are specific: items used by patients, such as toothbrushes, razor blades, etc., that are likely to be exposed to blood, should be earmarked for personal use. Because the hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through blood, it can be transmitted by sharing them with others. For example, razor blades are used in a manner that is easily detached from the skin, causing the virus to enter the blood of a healthy person through broken skin and causing infection.
II. Medical behavioural aspects
Periodic check-ups and treatment: periodic check-ups of hepatitis B patients, including liver function, hepatitis B virus load (HBV – DNA), liver ultrasound, etc. Hepatic damage can be detected by testing, and viral loads reflect replicability. Based on the results of the examination, the doctor was able to adjust the treatment programme in a timely manner. For example, antiviral treatment is required for patients who are active in replicating the virus and whose liver function is abnormal, and the commonly used antiviral drugs are Nteikave, Tinoforester, etc. These drugs can inhibit the replicability of the virus, reduce its load and reduce transmission.
Medical practices: When examined or treated in hospitals, medical personnel are required to comply strictly with them. For example, one-time medical devices must be used to avoid cross-infection when there is a start-up operation such as injection, blood mining, etc. In the case of used medical equipment, destruction is carried out in strict compliance with medical waste disposal regulations to prevent the transmission of the virus.
Sexuality
Safety measures: Condoms should be used by persons with hepatitis B when engaging in sexual activity. Although hepatitis B is transmitted mainly through blood, mother-to-child and sexual contact, condoms can significantly reduce the risk of sexual transmission. Because, during sexual intercourse, there may be minor mucous membrane fractures that can be used to enter the other party.
Partner protection: The patient ‘ s sexual partner should be vaccinated against hepatitis B in a timely manner and tested against hepatitis B. If antibody drops are low or there is no antibody, timely refilling of vaccines is required to obtain sufficient immunity to protect oneself from hepatitis B infection. The procedure for vaccination against hepatitis B is typically one dose in 0, 1 and 6 months, with most people being able to produce sufficient protective antibodies throughout the course.
IV. PMTCT
Management of pregnancy: In the case of pregnant women with hepatitis B, the management of pregnancy should be strengthened. Pregnant women are required to regularly check liver function and HBV-DNA. In the latter stages of pregnancy (usually 24 – 28 weeks of pregnancy), if the load is high, the oral use of antiviral drugs, such as novower esters, can be made at the direction of a doctor, reducing the load and the risk of mother-to-child transmission.
Neonatal protection: Hepatitis B immunoglobin (HBIG) should be injected immediately after birth, preferably within 12 hours of birth, and hepatitis B vaccine should be administered in accordance with the procedure of 0, 1 or 6 months. The HBIG can rapidly and enter the newborns with Hepatitis B virus, while the hepatitis B vaccine stimulates the organism to produce protective antibodies that can effectively prevent mother-to-child transmission, with a protection rate of over 90 per cent.
