Diabetes retinasis (DR) is one of the common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes and has become the leading blind eye disease worldwide. Knowing the latest progress in its prevention and treatment is critical for the quality of life of people with diabetes.
I. Preventive measures
Strict blood sugar control is the cornerstone of DR prevention. Long-term high blood sugar can cause damage to peri-cellular cells in retina veins, which in turn leads to increased vascular permeability, microaneuromas, etc. Patients should limit the incidence of DRs to less than 7% by means of a reasonable diet, regular exercise and medication.
Blood pressure management should also not be overlooked. High blood pressure increases the value of membrane vascular damage and accelerates DR progress. Diabetes patients are generally advised to keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg, with the option of using drugs such as an angiogenis to convert enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiogenesis II receptor retardants (ARBs), with some retina protection at the same time.
Blood resin regulation is also positive for DR prevention. High blood resins contribute to retinal lipid deposition and the hardening of vascular porridge samples, increase blood viscosity and influence blood infusion in the retinal. Patients should control total cholesterol, triesters of glycerine and low-density protein cholesterol levels, and if necessary, use defamin substances such as cartin.
In addition, regular eye examinations are an important means of early detection and prevention of DR deterioration. It is generally recommended that an eye-to-eye examination be conducted every year after diagnosis of diabetes patients, and that the frequency of the examination be increased to half-yearly for patients with mild DRs.
II. Progress in treatment
(i) Drug treatment
The VEGF drug is currently the first-line drug for DR treatment. VEGF plays a key role in the pathology process of DR, which can lead to abnormal retina vascular growth and leakage. Anti-VEGF drugs, such as the Rayballs, the Abassipes and others, can be effective in reducing retinal neo-vascular formation and balconies by inhibiting VEGF activity, thus improving the sight. Numerous clinical studies have shown that eye injection treatment against VEGF drugs can significantly improve patients ‘ vision and safety, but that repeated injections are needed to maintain the efficacy of the treatment.
In recent years, new drugs have also been developed and tested. For example, there have been studies to explore drugs to address inflammation in retinasis of diabetes, in an attempt to disrupt progress by inhibiting inflammatory reactions.
(ii) Laser therapy
Laser-ray condensation still holds an important place in DR treatment. For non-embracing DRs, which are accompanied by clinical yellow edema patients, the local laser glucose can be closed to seepage of the blood vessels, and the reduction of yellow blubber oedema; for amphibious DRs, the full retina laser glucose can damage the amphibious areas of the retina and reduce the generation of neonatal vascular growth factors, thereby reducing the risk of severe loss of sight. However, laser therapy may cause some damage to the vision around the retina, and some patients do not see much after treatment.
(iii) Surgery
Glass cutting applies to patients with serious complications such as glacial blood and retina detached at the end of the DR. The operation saves the vision of some patients through the removal of mutilated glass, the stripping of amphibious membranes, retinas, etc. However, the procedure is more difficult and has a longer post-operative recovery period, with a certain risk of recurrence.
(iv) Emerging treatment technologies
Retinal stem cell transplants are a promising course of treatment. It was found that specific stem cells can be divided into retina neurons and vascular inner-skin cells, which are expected to replace damaged retina tissues and restore retina functions. The technology is still at the experimental research stage, but some encouraging results have been achieved in animal experiments.
Also, gene therapy is considered a potential breakthrough point for future DR treatment. The pathological changes in the retinal retinas are fundamentally corrected through the modification or silence of genes associated with DR morbidity, but there is still a long way to go before it is widely applied in clinical settings.
The prevention of diabetes membrane disorders requires patients to maintain strict and long-term control of blood sugar, blood pressure and blood resin and to conduct regular eye examinations. In terms of treatment, existing medications, lasers and surgical treatments are being optimized, and emerging treatment technologies, such as stem cell transplants and gene therapy, also offer hope for a more effective response to the challenge of the future, in the belief that as medical research deepens, retinasis of diabetes will be addressed.
Diabetes retinasis
