New diagnostic advances in acute heart failure

Acute heart failure (AHF) as a sudden clinical syndrome is marked by a rapid or significant increase in heart failure symptoms and signs, accompanied by a significant increase in plasma sodium concentrations. This disease poses an important challenge in the area of global public health, and the pathological changes caused by heart failure have significantly reduced the quality of life of patients, placing a heavy economic and care burden on their individual, family and health care systems as a whole. This rapid and severe state of health not only tests the responsiveness of the modern health system, but also highlights the urgency of strengthening public health education, optimizing the treatment process and improving the effectiveness of treatment.Recently, China ‘ s Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment for Cardiac Decryption, 2024, was officially published as a comprehensive upgrade to the 2018 edition, the objective of which is to deepen the professional level of care in our country. Based on the new version of the guide, the paper will focus in depth on the progress of acute heart failure diagnosis, seeking to bring more precise and efficient guidelines to clinical practice, with a view to significantly improving the treatment effectiveness of patients, reducing the burden of disease and achieving a new leap in diagnostic technology.I. The clinical performance of AHFThe clinical presentation of acute heart failure, which revolves around pulmonary siltation, circulatory siltation and complex symptoms and signs of low infusion of tissue organs, can usually be divided into the following four types:(1) Acute indemnity heart failure: As the most common form of acute heart failure, it accounts for 50 to 70 per cent of the total number of patients, in sharp contrast to the rapid performance of acute pulmonary oedema. The process is relatively abated, but equally impeccable, and its main characteristic is the gradual retention of liquids, which in turn causes widespread silt rather than pulmonary oedema. This process, which begins in hiding, is cumulative and has far-reaching implications for the whole-body cycling system.(2) Acute pulmonary oedema: closely related to pulmonary haemorrhage, the clinical identification of standard clusters in a series of special manifestations, including sudden severe respiratory difficulties forcing the patient to sit in order to alleviate discomfort; the emergence of a horse in the tip of the heart, showing the limits of the heart load; wet-tongued and acoustic symphony in both lungs, implying damage to the pulmonary function; the critical state of respiratory failure, inadequate oxygen supply in the body and accumulation of carbon dioxide; and a surge in respiratory frequency to over 25 times per minute, reflecting the extreme desire of the body for oxygen.(3) Heart-source shock: Even with sufficient blood capacity, the clinical performance of low injections continues to highlight a series of signs: cold limbs, a sharp decrease in urine, blurred or altered consciousness, reduced pulse pressure, increased metabolic acid poisoning and serolic acid levels. It is noteworthy that low injections are not accompanied by low blood pressure, which can be maintained by reparative vascular constriction and therefore do not require the application of a pressure booster. However, this self-regulating mechanism, which temporarily stabilizes blood pressure, can cause damage to tissue infusion and oxygen, further exacerbating the damage to organs.(4) Isolated right-heart failure: Isolated right-heart failure is triggered by the climbing of the right-heart and the pressure of the heart, as well as by the increase in the circulation of blood. The situation is not confined to itself; its chain reaction will spill over to the left heart chamber and interfere with its normal recharge process. This coherent pathological mechanism, through the delicate interaction of the heart, ultimately reduces the overall heart output and creates a vicious circle.II. AHF support inspection(1) Telecardiograms, chest imaging and laboratory examinations: for all patients, there is an urgent need for electrocardiogram testing, chest image assessment, sodium sodium, calcium protein, whole blood count and thyroid hormone determination. Additional monitoring of lactating acid and pH is required for patients with suspected heart-borne shock; for those at acute pulmonary embolism risk, the D-D2 test is essential. The role of sodium sodium as a sharp instrument for the diagnosis of acute cardiac failure and for distinguishing it is widely recognized. When dealing with patients with acute respiratory difficulties or suspected acute heart failure, it is recommended that plasma sodium levels be routinely screened.(2) Ultraacoustic heart and lung ultrasound: An immediate ultraacoustic heart attack examination is required for patients with acute heart failure in an unstable condition of blood flow mechanics, and an assessment of ultraacoustic heart attack is to be arranged within 48 hours for patients with unknown variations in the heart structure and function or with clinical indications of possible variation. In addition, the application of pulmonary ultrasound at bedside can effectively identify signs of pulmonary edema and provide an immediate basis for clinical decision-making.(3) Aerodynamic analysis: The implementation of blood and gas analysis should be closely aligned to the actual clinical needs, particularly in cases where the pulsation instrument does not adequately reflect the oxidation, or where accurate control of the acid alkali balance and the arterial carbon dioxide fraction pressure is required, as well as in cases of acute pulmonary oedema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For heart-borne shock patients, arterial blood and gas analysis is critical.SummaryIn general, the clinical performance of patients with acute heart failure can be observed, as well as an auxiliary examination, to make a clear diagnosis, which is decisive for improving the clinical outcome, not only on the basis of scientific judgement based on current symptoms and signs, but also on the basis of the entire treatment process.