It is a common misconception that nosocomial infection occurs
only in hospitalized patients. In fact, the occurrence of nosocomial infection is not limited to inpatients, but can involve all kinds of people in the hospital, including inpatients, outpatients, emergency patients, medical staff, visitors and family members of patients. Therefore, we should have a comprehensive understanding of nosocomial infection.
I. Definition and scope
of
nosocomial infection rights
nosocomial infection, also known as hospital-acquired infection, refers to the new infection caused by pathogens during the period of receiving medical services in hospitals. This definition covers not only infections that occur in hospitalized patients during hospitalization, but also infections that are acquired in the hospital but occur after discharge. At the same time, hospital staff, outpatient and emergency patients, visitors and family members of patients infected with infectious diseases in the hospital area can also be called nosocomial infection.
2. The population of nosocomial infection 1. Inpatients: Inpatients are the main population of nosocomial infection. They are more vulnerable to pathogens because they spend a long time in the hospital environment and receive various medical operations and treatments. In addition, hospitalized patients often have conditions such as decreased immunity and weakened body resistance, which also increases their risk of infection. 2. Outpatient and emergency patients: Although outpatient and emergency patients stay in the hospital for a relatively short time, they are also at risk of infection. Especially in the process of receiving diagnosis and treatment, if the medical devices or environment are not thoroughly disinfected, or the medical staff do not strictly abide by the aseptic operation norms, it may lead to infection of patients. 3. Medical staff: Medical staff is another important group of nosocomial infection. They are frequently exposed to pollutants such as body fluids and dropping of patients in their work, and are easily infected by pathogens if they do not strictly abide by operational norms such as hand washing and disinfection. In addition, medical personnel may become the source of infection and transmit pathogens to patients directly or indirectly. 4. Visitors and family members of patients: Although visitors and family members of patients do not receive medical services directly, they may also be infected with pathogens in the course of their activities in hospitals. This is usually due to poor sanitary conditions in hospitals, incomplete disinfection or poor personal hygiene habits.
III. Provention and control measures
for nosocomial infection.
In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of nosocomial infection, a series of comprehensive provention and control measures are needed. These measures include: 1. Strengthen the management of hospital environmental hygiene: regularly clean and disinfect the hospital environment, maintain air circulation and dryness, and reduce the breeding and transmission of pathogens. 2. Strict implementation of aseptic operation specifications: medical personnel should strictly abide by aseptic operation specifications when carrying out various medical operations to ensure the cleanliness and disinfection of medical devices and the environment. 3. Rational use of antibiotics: The abuse and irrational use of antibiotics is one of the important causes of bacterial resistance. Therefore, when using antibiotics, the type and dosage of antibiotics should be reasonably selected according to the specific condition of patients, bacterial types and drug sensitivity. 4. Strengthen patient education and personal protection: carry out publicity and education of nosocomial infection knowledge for patients and their families to improve their awareness and ability of protection. At the same time, patients and their families are encouraged to take personal protective measures, such as wearing masks and washing hands frequently. 5. Establish a sound nosocomial infection monitoring system: conduct timely and accurate statistics and analysis on the occurrence of nosocomial infection, so as to take appropriate measures for management and prevention.
To sum up, the view that only hospitalized patients have nosocomial infection is inaccurate. The occurrence of nosocomial infection involves all kinds of people in the hospital, so it is necessary to take comprehensive provention and control measures to effectively prevent and control its occurrence. We can create a safer and healthier medical environment by strengthening hospital environmental hygiene management, strictly enforcing aseptic operation norms, rationally using antibiotics, strengthening patient education and personal protection, and establishing a sound nosocomial infection monitoring system.
