Ulcerative Colitis, UC is a self-immunological disease characterized by a chronic inflammation in the lower part of the colon. The main manifestation is the continuous ulcer of the colon and rectum, usually characterized by diarrhoea, abdominal pain and blood. The mechanism for ulcer colonitis is not yet fully known, but is considered to be the result of a combination of genetic, environmental and immune factors.
I. Clinical performance
The clinical performance of ulcer colonitis varies depending on the course of the disease, the severity of the condition and the duration of the outbreak. Common symptoms include:
1. Diarrhoea: mostly watery or bloody, usually accompanied by a sense of urgency. Blood is a typical symptom of ulcer colonitis.
2. Abdominal abdominal pain: It is common for abdominal discomfort or blunt pain, usually associated with defecation, which can be mitigated by defecation.
3. Decay blood: One of the most common symptoms of ulcer coliitis, in the form of blood in urine, which is usually red.
4. Weight loss: Some patients may experience a loss of weight due to persistent diarrhoea and poor absorption.
5. Heat and whole-body symptoms: during acute onset, the patient may suffer from hypothermia, indigence and abating appetite.
In cases of severe or chronic medical conditions, patients may experience serious complications such as anaemia, electrolytic disorders, dehydration, enteric infarction, etc.
II. Mechanisms for and causes of morbidity
The mechanism for ulcer enteritis is not yet fully known, but studies have shown that the confluence of genetic, immunological and environmental factors leads to chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract.
Genetic factors: Family history is a known risk factor for ulcer colonitis. Specific genes such as NOD2, AG16L1 are associated with the susceptibility of ulcer colonitis.
2. Immuno-system anomalies: ulcer enteritis is considered to be chronic intestinal inflammation caused by immune system anomalies. Under normal conditions, intestinal immune systems can identify and remove pathogenic microorganisms. However, among ulcer colonitis patients, the immune system misperceptions that normal strains or food components within the intestinal tract are external pathogens that trigger unnecessary immune responses and lead to chronic colon inflammation.
3. Environmental factors: smoking, eating habits, drugs (e.g., inflammation drugs), infections, etc., can act as an incentive to cause or exacerbate the occurrence and progress of ulcer colonitis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ulcer colonitis requires a combination of clinical performance, laboratory and video-testing. Common diagnostic methods include:
1. colonoscopy: colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of ulcer colonitis. Under the colon mirror, there is visible cormorant membrane, ulcers, ulcers or septs, and the pathology usually begins in the rectum and spreads upwards. Inflammatory cell immersion and tissue damage can be detected through a biopsy.
Blood testing: Inflammation indicators such as anaemia, white cell increase and C-reactive protein (CRP) rise are common in ulcer colonitis patients.
3. Visual examinations: CT or MRI are sometimes used to assess morphological changes in the intestinal tract and complications such as intestinal perforation or intestine infarction.
IV. Therapeutic approach
The treatment of ulcer colonitis is aimed at controlling inflammation, mitigating symptoms, delaying progress and avoiding complications as much as possible. Treatment includes medication, surgical treatment and lifestyle adjustments.
1. Drug treatment:
o Anti-inflammatory drugs: 5-amino-hydrazole acids (e.g. mesala) are the preferred drug for ulcer colonitis, which is resistant to inflammation and can reduce intestinal inflammation.
o Immunosuppressants: e.g. thorium, sulfur, etc., can be used to control severe immune response.
o Biological formulations: Antibodies (e.g., in English, single-activated) for the tumour necrosis sub-alpha (TNF-alpha) are widely used for the treatment of moderate ulcer colonitis. There are also other biological agents, including the Vidrill Monovalence, and the Usunu Monovalence, which are already being applied in clinical practice.
o Antibiotics and other support treatments: In the case of a combination of infections, antibiotics can be used to control the infection; in addition, support treatments such as iron supplements, vitamins, etc. may be required.
Surgery: When a drug treatment cannot control a condition or a patient has serious complications, surgery may be required. Common operations include colonectomy, which in some cases may require artificial anal prostheses or intestinal reconstruction.
3. Lifestyle adjustment: Dietary management and stress control are also important treatments. Avoiding the consumption of food that can cause symptoms (e.g. high fat or irritating food) and maintaining good pacifism and moderate motion can help to alleviate the condition.
The ulcer colonitis is a chronic self-immunological disease, and although no cure is yet available, it can be effective in mitigating symptoms, controlling conditions and improving the quality of life of patients through drug control, surgical intervention and improved lifestyles. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are important for the prevention of complications and for improving post-natal planning.
Inflammatory enteritis.
