Optimistic strategy for osteoporosis
Optimistic tactical anesthesia in ophthalmological operations requires special requirements for anesthesia, which is widely used in ophthalmological operations. It is able to provide the necessary anaesthesia conditions for the operation while reducing the overall adverse effects. However, in order to better meet the need for ophthalmic surgery, further optimization of surface anesthesia strategies is essential.
I. Status of application of surface anesthesia in eye surgery
(i) Drugs commonly used, as well as those commonly used for characteristic ophthalmic epidemiology, such as prop-carine and Dinka. C-carine works fast, with relatively small damage to the upper membrane skin; Dinka has a strong but relatively high toxicity. In current applications, different drugs are selected on the basis of the type of operation and the patient ‘ s condition, but there may be limitations to a single drug, such as insufficient anaesthesia or irritation for certain sensitive patients.
(ii) The applicable surgical type of surface anesthesia applies to a wide range of eye operations, including cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, and partial steps in a cornea transplant. In cataract ultrasonic emulsion, it meets the basic requirements of pain-free patients in surgery. However, for some complex in-eye surgery, such as glass retina surgery, the need may not be fully met by a mere surface anesthesia during a long period of surgery. II. Optimizing strategies
(i) Drug choice in combination with combination 1. The use of surface narcotic drugs with different characteristics may be considered. For example, the proper mixing of C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C However, attention should be paid to the mix, and the best matches should be found through experimental and clinical tests to balance anaesthesia and safety. 2. Add assistive drugs: Add appropriate vascular constrictors, such as adrenaline, to surface anesthesia. This would reduce the bleeding in the surgical area and provide a clearer vision of the operation, while at the same time helping to prolong the use of narcotic drugs. However, the use of adrenaline is strictly controlled at concentrations to avoid adverse effects such as increased eye pressure. (ii) Improved anaesthesia methods 1. Multiple deliveries. For long-surgery ophthalmic operations, multiple drops of surface anesthesia can be performed in due course. However, attention should be paid to time intervals and doses of drops, avoiding overdoses and excessive eye irritation. For example, a suitable quantity of narcotic drugs can be replenished every 30-45 minutes during complex corneal repair operations. 2. Joint other local anaesthesia techniques: For some special ophthalmological operations, joint local anaesthesia or post-ballic anaesthesia can be used. For example, in retina decomposition operations, a small number of local impregnated anesthesia can be combined at key steps to enhance the effect of anaesthesia while reducing the risk of a general anesthesia.
(iii) The individual patient factor takes into account 1. Age difference: elderly and child patients react differently to surface anesthesia. Old-age patients may be more vulnerable and less resistant to drugs. Child patients may be more sensitive to narcotic drugs and need to adjust their concentrations and doses to age. In the case of children, less irritating, safer surface anaesthesia and lower concentrations should be chosen. 2. The state of eye diseases: For patients with eye diseases such as amphiboles and glaucoma, surface anesthesia strategies also need to be adjusted. In the case of an anemic ulcer, the use of diaphragm irritating drugs should be avoided, a more mild anaesthesia should be chosen, and the amphibians should be closely monitored to prevent an increase in the condition.
(iv) Operating environment and equipment with 1. Temperature and humidity control: Appropriate temperatures and humidity in the operating room have some effect on surface anesthesia. Appropriate environments can reduce the evaporation of tears and make narcotic drugs more adhesive and effective. General temperature can be contained at 22-25°C and humidity at 40-60%. 2. New types of delivery equipment: new types of eye-based anaesthesia equipment, such as trace spray devices. Such a device would allow for a more even distribution of narcotic drugs in the eye, reduce the waste of drugs and local high-concentration incentives to the eye, and increase the uniformity of the effects of anaesthesia.
Monitoring and evaluation
(i) The eye reaction and vital signs of the patient are closely observed during ocular surgery. Note whether the patient has eye pains, changes in internal pressure, etc. At the same time, the heart rate, blood pressure, etc. of the patient is observed, because the irritation in eye surgery and the use of anaesthesia can cause a reaction in the whole body, especially in cases of old age or a combination of whole-body diseases.
(ii) Post-operative assessment assesses the effect of anaesthesia on the patient, including by asking the patient about pain, examining whether there are any complications from anaesthesia in the eye, e.g., perforation, inflammation, etc. Based on the results of the assessment, the surface anaesthesia strategy was further adapted and optimized to provide experience in following up on similar operations. Optimization of surface anesthesia in ophthalmological surgery requires a combination of drugs, anaesthesia methods, individual patient factors, and surgical environments. The effect of the surgery and the health of the eye are ensured through continuous improvement and improvement, improving the quality and safety of surface anesthesia, and better service to eye surgery.
