Introduction
Pneumoccus is an important pathogen that causes communities to acquire a wide range of infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, mid ear, sinus and meningitis. The accurate diagnosis and rational use of antibiotics for the treatment of pneumococcal infections in primary health-care institutions is essential, not only for the patient ‘ s prognosis but also for the rational use of antibiotics and drug resistance. penicillin G, a classic drug for the treatment of pneumococcal infections, continues to be important in primary care, provided that it is carefully and reasonably applied to ensure its efficacy and safety.
II. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pneumococcal infections
Pneumococcal infections are widespread globally, especially among children, older persons and people with low levels of immunity. The infection can be severed in multiple parts and clinically diverse. Pneumocococcal pneumonia is frequently acute, with high heat, cough and cough, which can be accompanied by chest pains and respiratory difficulties; it is manifested in ear pains, reduced hearing, etc.; and it is mainly manifested in nasal slugs, fluorine and headaches. The understanding of these clinical characteristics helps medical staff at the grass-roots level to diagnose pneumococcal infections in a timely and accurate manner and to provide a basis for rational drug use.
III. Pharmacological properties of penicillin G
penicillin G can inhibit the synthesis of the streptocyte wall of pneumonia and thus play a microbicide. Its antibacterial spectra is mainly directed at gland positive bacteria, in particular pneumococcus, which is highly sensitive. However, with the widespread use of antibiotics, some streptococcus strains have developed to varying degrees of resistance, requiring that local resistance be known as much as possible before the use of penicillin G in order to adjust the drug programme. penicillin G, which has the advantage of high microbicide, low toxicity and low cost, is easily available and used in primary health-care facilities and is one of the first drugs of choice for the treatment of SCI.
IV. ENFORCEMENT AND USE
At the primary level, it should be applied in a timely manner when there is a clear or high suspicion that the infection is streptococcus pneumococcal and the pathogens are sensitive to penicillin G. For mild to moderate streptococcus pneumonia, intra-immuno or intravenous dripping is generally used. The usual dose for adults is 800,000 – 2 million U/days, 2 – 4 days; children are generally 25 – 5 million U/kg/days, 2 – 4 days based on weight. For serious infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, etc., the dose can be increased appropriately and the interval between medications adjusted to the condition. The symptoms, signs and laboratory tests of the patient should be closely observed during the course of the drug use to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.
V. Adverse effects monitoring and treatment
Despite the low toxicity of penicillin G, there may still be adverse effects. Common allergies include rashes, ticklings, measles, etc., and the most dangerous adverse effects of which require high levels of vigilance on the part of medical staff at the grass-roots level. Before using penicillin G, patients must be asked in detail about their allergies and care should be taken to use or convert to other antibiotics for patients with an allergy history. In the event of a sensitization, the medication should be stopped and treated in accordance with the severity of the allergy, e.g., antimontamine drugs, sugar cortex hormones, adrenaline, etc. In addition, penicillin G may give rise to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reaction, local pain, which are generally mild and can be mitigated by adjusting the medication or treatment.
VI. Strengths and challenges in grass-roots applications
In primary care, penicillin G has a clear advantage. First, they are low-cost, which reduces the financial burden on patients and is particularly suited to the economic needs of primary health care. Second, the antibacterial effects of penicillin G are accurate, and most sensitive streptococcus infections can be rapidly controlled. However, there are also challenges in grass-roots applications. On the one hand, some grass-roots medical personnel are less aware of the resistance to pneumocococcal and there may be cases of irrational use, while on the other hand, laboratory testing in primary health-care institutions is limited and it is difficult to determine quickly and accurately the pathogen and its drug sensitivity, which affects to some extent the accuracy of the drug. Strengthening the training of medical personnel at the grass-roots level and improving their level of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia streptococcal infections, as well as improving the conditions for testing at the primary level, are therefore essential for the rational use of penicillin G.
Conclusion
At the primary level, penicillin G is one of the most important drugs for treating infections caused by streptococcus pneumonia. Medical personnel should be fully informed about the characteristics of pneumocococcal infections, the pharmacological properties of penicillin G, adaptive certificates, usage and adverse effects, be strictly trained in the use of drugs, apply penicillin G rationally and monitor closely the patient ‘ s changes in condition and adverse effects. At the same time, the prevention and control of infection in primary health-care institutions should be strengthened, and active surveillance of pathogen resistance should be carried out in order to promote the rational use of antibiotics, improve the quality of treatment for pneumocococcal infections and provide strong health guarantees for patients at the grass-roots level. Through the rational and regulated use of antibiotics such as penicillin G, primary health-care institutions are better able to respond to the challenges posed by streptococcal infections, reduce morbidity and mortality among patients and promote the healthy development of primary health care.
