First of all, let us learn about penicillin, which, as the first antibiotic to be discovered and widely applied, has played a tremendous role in the field of health since its discovery by Alexander Fleming in 1928. It effectively treats a wide range of bacterial infections by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. However, over time and with the widespread use of penicillin, some bacteria have gradually developed resistance to it, which has become a major global public health challenge. This paper will explore the rationale for penicillin resistance in order to enhance public understanding of the issue.
First of all, let’s get to the point where penicillin works. Penicillin interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls by combining it with penicillin in bacteria. Bacteria cell walls are an essential part of the maintenance of their structural integrity and survival, and the combination of penicillin leads to the disruption of cell wall synthesis and ultimately to bacterial deaths. In our clinical application of antibacterial drugs, we need to understand the mechanisms of antibacterial drugs, as well as the resistance mechanisms of antibacterial drugs, in order to better treat infectious diseases and to avoid as much as possible their abuse.
Now let’s talk about penicillin’s drug resistance.
Penicillin resistance: Although penicillin is a powerful antibiotics, bacteria have developed several strategies to resist their attacks. The main drug resistance mechanisms include:
1. Penicillin enzyme generation: One of the most common resistance mechanisms is bacteria that produces an enzyme called β-Nemamine enzyme, which is capable of hydrolysing the β-Nemamine ring of penicillin, thus rendering penicillin dead. This is derived from bacterial particles, which can be transmitted between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. This is one of the most clinically known drug resistance mechanisms, so clinically we’ll choose penicillin in combination with penicillin. Antibacterial drugs for inhibitors are used to avoid the ineffectiveness of antibacterial treatment and thus the ineffectiveness of treatment for infectious diseases.
Penicillin target change: Another mechanism is bacteria that alters the coitus of penicillin — the structure or function of penicillin combined proteins, which makes it impossible for penicillin to effectively integrate and inhibit cell wall synthesis, thus also rendering penicillin ineffective for pathogens.
3. Overexpression of an excretion pump: Some bacteria accelerate the release of penicillin from bacterial cells by increasing the number or activity of excretion pumps and reduce the concentration of drugs within bacteria, thereby reducing their fungicide effects.
4. Protection of bacterial organisms: The bacterial formation of organisms can act as a physical barrier to the penetration of antibiotics, while bacteria within the bacteria within the bacteria in the bacteria can display metabolic properties different from those in evacuation and further enhance resistance.
Conclusion: Rational use of antibiotics is particularly important in the face of the growing problem of penicillin resistance. Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics use, strictly following medical instructions to complete the treatment, and developing and using alternative antibiotics are key measures to address this problem. In addition, continued research and development of new antibiotics and non-traditional treatments are also essential to combat bacterial resistance. Through these efforts, we can more effectively protect this valuable medical resource and ensure that it continues to serve human health in the future.
