I. How was penicillin found?
In 1928, there was a microbiologist, Alexander Fleming, who accidentally discovered penicillin during his experiments. At that time, his culture of golden grapepluccus was contaminated with fungus, which led to their slow growth and the formation of a fungi ring. Flemming was curious to know that the fungus, called penicillin, had been separated and had proved that it produced a substance that could suppress or kill many bacteria, namely penicillin.
What are the limitations of early research?
Although Flemming had discovered penicillin, he had not been able to extract and purify it effectively, so penicillin could not be used at that time. During that time, penicillin research had been carried out only in laboratories and there was no way to produce and use it on a large scale.
iii. How is penicillin produced in large quantities?
In 1939, two biochemists at Oxford University, Flori and Channe, recommenced their research on penicillin. They found penicillin, which produced a lot of penicillin, which was bred with liquid cultures, then extracted with organic solvents and made into powder by freezing dry. After many improvements, they have finally produced a pure, active and stable penicillin powder that can be used to treat infectious diseases.
At the time of the Second World War, penicillin production was insufficient and they worked with the United States Government and industry to produce it on a large scale. Scientists and engineers in the United States have also improved the production methods of penicillin, such as finding better strains, increasing nutrients, controlling conditions for culture, as well as deep fermentation cans and continuous fermentation, which have greatly improved its production and quality.
IV. Wider application and impact of penicillin
The invention and mass production of penicillin have ushered in a new era of treatment for infectious diseases. It has saved many lives and changed the course of battle, promoting the development of medicine and biology. The emergence of penicillin has also given rise to a high trend in the development of new antibacterials and humans have entered the age of synthetic new drugs. Now penicillin is one of the clinically common antibiotics that is important for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
The story of penicillin ranges from accidental discovery to in-depth study, to large-scale production and widespread application. It has not only brought us powerful microbicides, but has also contributed to the development of medicine and biology.
The future of penicillin
After all these years, penicillin is still very medically important. With advances in technology, penicillin will be increasingly produced and of good quality to meet our medical needs.
penicillin: The magic journey from discovery to saving lives
I. How was penicillin found?
In 1928, the British microbiologist Alexander Fleming was working on an experiment that unexpectedly discovered penicillin. At that time, his culture of golden fungus was contaminated with fungus, which inhibited the growth of the fungus and formed a fungus. Flemming was keenly aware of the importance of the phenomenon, further separating the fungus, named penicillin, and proving that it produced a substance that could suppress or kill many bacteria, namely penicillin. This discovery provided a solid basis for subsequent antibiotics research.
What are the limitations of early research?
Despite the discovery of penicillin by Flemming, he was unable to extract and purge it effectively due to technical constraints at the time, so that penicillin could not be used for treatment at that time. During that period, penicillin research was conducted only in laboratories and could not be produced and used on a large scale. This limits the clinical application of penicillin, but also provides valuable experience and inspiration to later researchers.
iii. How is penicillin produced in large quantities?
By 1939, two biochemists at Oxford University, Flori and Channe, had recombined their research on penicillin. Through screening, they have found penicillin, which produces a large amount of penicillin, and have grown with liquid culture. They then use organic solvents to extract penicillin and then make it into powder by freezing it dry. After many improvements and refinements, they have finally produced high-purity, active and stable penicillin powder that can be used to treat infectious diseases.
During World War II, penicillin production was unable to meet demand because of the need for war. Flori and Chan, in cooperation with the United States Government and industry, were thus engaged in large-scale production. Scientists and engineers in the United States have also improved the production of penicillin, such as finding better strains, adding nutrients and controlling conditions for culture. They have also used technology such as deep fermenters and continuous fermentation, which has led to significant improvements in the production and quality of penicillin.
IV. Wider application and impact of penicillin
The invention and mass production of penicillin have ushered in a new era of treatment for infectious diseases. It has saved countless lives, changed the course of battle and promoted the development of medicine and biology. The emergence of penicillin has given rise to a rush to develop new antibiotics, and humans have entered the age of synthetic new drugs. Penicillin is now one of the clinically common antibiotics, which is very important for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
The story of penicillin begins with an accidental discovery, a process of in-depth study, large-scale production and widespread application. It not only provides us with powerful microbicides, but also promotes the development of medicine and biology, making a significant contribution to the health of humankind.
The future of penicillin
After all these years of development, penicillin remains very important in the field of health care. As science and technology progress and health care improve, penicillin production technologies and quality will be improved to better meet our medical needs.
The issue of drug resistance has now become a global challenge. To address this problem, scientists are actively developing new antibiotics and are trying to use penicillin in combination with other drugs to improve treatment effectiveness and reduce drug resistance. At the same time, with the development of genomics and synthetic biology, we can also use these new technologies to improve the production of penicillin, making microorganisms more capable and efficient in the production of penicillin through genetic engineering. It was to be hoped that, in the near future, penicillin would continue to contribute to the cause of human health with better performance.
