Who doesn’t have a few moles in life? The vast majority of moles will accompany us obediently, which will affect the beauty at most. However, some moles may be stimulated, resulting in gene mutations and malignant melanoma.
First, the true face
of melanoma
Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes. The reasons for its morbidity are complex, and it is believed that it may be related to many factors.
First, genetic factors play a role in the development of melanoma. People with a family history of melanoma are at a relatively higher risk. In addition, UV exposure is also an important predisposing factor. Excessive UV exposure can cause DNA damage and mutations and increase the risk of melanoma.
The symptoms of
melanoma are various, and the main manifestation is the change of nevus. In the early stage, the original nevus may be rapidly raised, enlarged, changed in color and shape, accompanied by bleeding and itching. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as pain and ulcers may occur. If not treated in time, melanoma will metastasize. The common metastatic routes of subungual melanoma are mucocutaneous metastasis, lymphatic metastasis, hematogenous metastasis and iatrogenic metastasis. Lymphatic metastasis may spread to para-bronchial, hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, and supraclavicular, axillary and epigastric lymph nodes are also common metastatic directions. Blood metastasis is the most serious phenomenon of distant metastasis, and tumor cells can metastasize to lung, liver and other internal organs with blood.
For the treatment of melanoma, surgery is the main treatment. For patients with localized lesions and no distant metastasis, the lesions can be removed directly and the surrounding lymph nodes can be dissected. In addition, adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy can also be used. Radiotherapy is mainly palliative treatment for patients with advanced cancer and metastasis, which can inhibit visceral metastasis, nervous system metastasis and bone metastasis of cancer, and alleviate the pain of patients. Chemotherapy for patients with metastatic melanoma can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. Immunotherapy is a new treatment method, which can treat all stages of cancer patients.
In conclusion, melanoma is a serious malignant tumor, which needs to be paid enough attention. People should pay attention to prevention, avoid excessive ultraviolet exposure, conduct regular skin examinations, and detect and treat melanoma early.
II. Key measures
to prevent melanoma
(1) Reduce ultraviolet radiation
Excessive exposure history of
ultraviolet light is the definite cause of melanoma. Ultraviolet rays from the sun can damage skin cells and cause DNA mutations that increase the risk of melanoma. Attention should be paid to the use of physical or chemical sunscreen methods to reduce outdoor activities during the period of strong ultraviolet radiation. For example, try to avoid going out at noon, when the penetration of ultraviolet rays is stronger. When you go out, you should wear long-sleeved clothes, trousers, hats with wide brims and sunglasses that can absorb ultraviolet rays. At the same time, use water, cream and gel containing sunscreen ingredients to protect the skin. The sunscreen strength of sunscreen products is related to the sunscreen factor. The larger the SPF value, the stronger the sunscreen ability. However, sunscreen can only prevent melanoma and other skin tumors to a certain extent, and can not replace other sunscreen measures.
(2) Pay attention to the changes of nevus, pay attention to regular review of nevus, and develop good hygiene habits, do not scratch nevus. Attention should be paid to the changes of nevus, which should be treated in time if the nevus is obviously enlarged or the color is uneven and the boundary is not clear in a short period of time. If the nevus grows on the friction site, it is recommended to remove it as soon as possible to prevent malignant transformation. The nevus growing in the easily rubbed parts is easily stimulated and has the possibility of malignant transformation, such as the nevus in the palm, sole, vulva, glans and other easily rubbed parts, no matter what type, it is recommended to remove it early. Because repeated friction will increase the probability of canceration, it will be too late to deal with canceration. The nevus with obvious short-term changes or melanoma should be treated as soon as possible.
(3) Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for the prevention of melanoma. Avoiding sun exposure can not only reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin, but also reduce the risk of melanoma. Eating more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, beta-carotene and other nutrients, can help prevent the occurrence of melanoma. Insist on exercise, enhance immunity, the body’s immune system disorders are also one of the factors leading to melanoma, through exercise can improve the body’s resistance. Not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and developing healthy eating habits all help to maintain the health of the body and reduce the likelihood of melanoma.
In conclusion, melanoma can be prevented to some extent by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Skin melanoma
