Pneumonia is a common low-respiratory infectious disease that is complex and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other pathogens. Their treatment effects are closely related to early diagnosis, pathogen identification and the reasonableness of treatment programmes. The following is a case-by-case sharing of the whole process of pneumonia treatment aimed at helping the public and medical personnel better understand the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia.
Case background
Patient: Ms. Zhang, 42 years old, female
Principal case: Heating, coughing and yellow blubber for five days, with a temperature of up to 39.5 °C, with chest pain and weakness.
Past history: no history of chronic diseases, no recent history of special medicines.
Access: Patients go to hospital on the fifth day of their illness because of the constant increase in their symptoms, accompanied by respiratory difficulties.
Diagnosis
Ms. Zhang experienced fever and cough symptoms in the early stages of the disease, accompanied by yellow salves and chest pains, suggesting possible lower respiratory infections. As the symptoms gradually increase, the patient suffers from respiratory difficulties, suggesting that the disease may have developed into pneumonia. Patients do not attend early medical treatment but take their own cold medicine, delaying treatment.
Hospital diagnosis
Medical examination
1. Vital signs:
Body temperature: 39.2°C, breathing frequency: 24 times/minute, pulse: 110 times/minute, blood pressure: normal.
Lung hearing:
The right lower lung can be smelled and wet to suggest that the lung may be inflammated or infected.
(ii) Auxiliary examination 1. Blood general:
White cell count increases (15.2 x 109/L) and the proportion of neutral particles increases (85%), indicating bacterial infections.
2. C Reacting Protein (CRP) and Calcium Deposition (PCT):
CRPs have risen significantly and PCTs have risen slightly, further supporting the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
3. Breast image examination:
The chest X-ray shows a large shading of the right lower lung leaf, consistent with pneumonia.
4. Selenium cultivation:
Pneumococcus was detected and the pathogens identified.
Treatment programme
According to Ms. Zhang ‘ s clinical performance, laboratory tests and video imagery, community access to pneumonia (CAP) was confirmed and the pathogen was streptococcus pneumonia. The treatment programmes are as follows:
(i) Antibiotic treatment
1. Initial treatment:
A joint Achmycin (I.V.) is given to the head spores (I.V.), covering pneumococococcal and possibly atypical pathogens (e.g., chlamydia, chlamydia).
2. Adjustment treatment:
After the results of the sapling have been identified, the achromin has been discontinued and the head croquetone continues to be used alone to avoid unnecessary wide spectrum antibiotics.
(ii) Treatment
Reheating treatment:
The use of acetylaminophenol to control the high heat reduces the discomfort of the patient.
2. Treatment:
Reluctance fluids are given to aminobromosophthalmic fluids to promote discharge.
Oxygen therapy:
Owing to the patient ‘ s mild respiratory difficulties, the nose catheter is given oxygen and has a saturation of over 95 per cent.
(iii) Support for treatment
Liquid management:
Equivalent rehydration to maintain hydrolyte balance and to avoid overfilling to cause pulmonary oedema.
Nutritional support:
High-protein, high-heat diets are provided to enhance the body ‘ s immunity.
Treatment effects
After three days of antibiotic treatment, Ms. Zhang ‘ s body temperature returned to normal, with a marked reduction in cough and cough symptoms and a loss of breathing difficulties. After continuing the seven-day course of antibiotics, the chest X-ray review showed that pneumonia was largely absorbed and that the patient was discharged.
Case reflection
The case of Ms. Zhang leads to the following important lessons on pneumonia treatment:
(i) Importance of early diagnosis and treatment
The early symptoms of pneumonia (e.g. fever, cough) are similar to those of common flu, but the conditions may progress rapidly. Ms. Zhang ‘ s lack of timely access to medical care has increased the medical condition and made treatment more difficult. The public should be vigilant and should seek medical treatment as soon as possible in cases of continued high fever and coughing with yellow saliva.
(ii) To identify pathogens that are key to the treatment of pneumonia. The results of Ms. Zhang ‘ s sluice cultivation have identified pneumonia streptococcus infections, made antibiotic treatment more relevant and avoided unnecessary wide spectrum antibiotics use.
(iii) Reasonable use of antibiotics. The choice of antibiotics should be based on the principle of “pharmaceutical treatment”. After identifying the pathogens, Ms. Zhang adapted the antibiotics programme to improve both treatment effectiveness and drug resistance risks.
(iv) The importance of integrated treatment. The treatment of pneumonia depends not only on antibiotics but also on a combination of treatment for the disease and support for treatment. In the course of her treatment, Ms. Zhang received comprehensive measures such as deheating, osteoporosis and oxygen therapy, which facilitated rapid recovery.
Concluding remarks
The case of Ms. Zhang fully illustrates the importance of scientific diagnosis and normative treatment in the management of pneumonia. Pneumonia is a potentially serious infectious disease, and the public should focus on its early symptoms, in a timely manner, and avoid delays in treatment. Through the identification of pathogens, the rational use of antibiotics and integrated treatment, the rate of pneumonia can be significantly improved and the patient ‘ s prognosis improved. At the same time, public health awareness should be increased and preventive measures (such as pneumonia and influenza vaccines) should be taken to reduce the risk of pneumonia.
pneumonia
