In the area of health care, diabetes, a chronic disease, is rising year by year and becoming a global health challenge. When the level of blood sugar continues to remain high for diabetes patients, it not only affects the quality of life, but is more likely to lead to a series of serious complications, among which diabetes high sugar seepage syndrome (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State, HHS) is the most dangerous.
In winter, in particular, the incidence of HHS has increased significantly as a result of factors such as increased respiratory infections, heavy holiday work and heavy drinking. As a senior medical practitioner, this paper will be used to raise public awareness and awareness of the HHS, as well as its clinical performance, damage to the nervous system and means of treatment and prevention.
I. Inducing causes
HHS usually occurs in cases where insulin is severely impaired, insensitive to insulin treatment or is interrupted. The main causes of morbidity include:
1. Insulin deficiency or disruption: Insulin or insulin insulin was not injected on time by patients, resulting in a continuous increase in blood sugar.
2. Infection: Reduced winter temperatures and the vulnerability of diabetes patients to respiratory diseases, which can increase insulin resistance and further push blood sugar levels.
3. Inadequate water intake: Inadequate water intake due to reduced thirst or activity of patients, resulting in higher blood penetration pressure.
4. Stress: Stress, such as surgery, trauma and stress, can contribute to an increase in the sterilisation of sugar in the body, leading to a sharp rise in blood sugar.
5. Uncontrollable diet: During holidays, family and friends meet frequently and patients may suffer from severe consumption leading to poor blood sugar control.
The clinical performance of HHS is generally hidden, but in the event of an outbreak, progress is rapid and serious, as shown by, inter alia:
High blood sugar: Blood sugar levels are extremely high, often exceeding 33.3mmol/L (600 mg/dL).
High permeability pressure: Blood permeation pressure increased significantly, usually exceeding 320 mOsm/kg.
Dehydration: due to permeable urine caused by high blood sugar, patients often undergo severe dehydration in the form of dry skin, low elasticity, reduced urine, etc.
4. Consciousness disorders: As the condition evolves, patients can experience nervous system symptoms such as sleep addiction, irritation and coma.
5. Electrolytic disorders: Electrolytic disorders such as potassium blood and sodium blood, possibly low potassium haemorrhage, alsodemia, etc.
iii. Damage to the nervous system HHS has been particularly severe for the nervous system, mainly as follows:
1. Brain edema: Changes in high blood sugar and permeability pressure can lead to brain cell oedema and increase of internal pressure in the skull, in the form of headaches, vomiting and cognitive disorders.
2. Brain function disorders: High blood sugar can cause cerebral neurocell metabolic disorders, leading to loss of memory, low concentration, retardation, brain function disorders, etc.
3. Psychopathic change: Long-term high blood sugar can lead to neurological and autonomous neuroses in the surroundings, in the form of physical numbness, pain, sensory abnormalities, etc.
The HHS mechanism for neurological damage is complex and involves various aspects such as oxidizing stress caused by high blood sugar, inflammation response and vascular damage.
HHS treatment principles for treatment and prevention are rapid rehydration, reduction of blood sugar, correction of electrolytic disorders and acid poisoning, and prevention of complications. Specific measures include:
1. Refilling: Rectification of dehydration and reduction of blood osmosis by means of rapid refilling of veins.
2. Insulin treatment: a small dose of insulin is provided with continuous intravenous drips to smooth down blood sugar levels.
3. Correcting electrolyte disorders: monitor and correct electrolytic disorders such as potassium blood and sodium blood.
4. Prevention of complications: closely monitor the life signs of patients and prevent complications such as cerebral edema, infections, etc.
The key to the prevention of HHS is to strengthen health education and management of diabetes patients, to improve self-management capacity, to inject insulin on time, to control diets, to avoid infection and stress. At the same time, patients should undergo regular blood sugar surveillance and medical examinations to detect and deal with anomalies in a timely manner.
In general, HHS is particularly severe for the nervous system as a serious diabetes complication. By strengthening patient education, improving self-management capacity, timely treatment of infections and stress, we can effectively reduce the incidence of HHS and protect patients ‘ nervous system health. Let us all focus on the health of people living with diabetes, be wary of the threat of the HHS and work together to create a healthy and harmonious living environment.
