Diabetes has become a global health problem in today ‘ s society as lifestyles change and the ageing process accelerates. According to statistics, the number of diabetics is increasing year by year, and some of them often combine serious complications due to poor blood sugar control, of which diabetic acidic poisoning (Diabetic Ketoacidosis, DKA) is the most dangerous. In particular, during the winter, patients face multiple disadvantages, such as increased respiratory infections, heavy holiday work and heavy drinking, with a marked increase in DKA. This paper will provide in-depth research on the causes of DKA ‘ s morbidity, clinical performance, damage to the nervous system and the means of prevention, with the aim of raising public awareness and vigilance about DKA.
First, DKA is the cause of severe sugar metabolic disorders in the body in cases of severe insulin deficiency or impairment of the effect of diabetes, accelerated fat decomposition, and the creation and accumulation of large amounts of ketone in the body, resulting in acidism and a combination of clinical manifestations.
The main causes of morbidity include:
1. Interruption or insufficiency of insulin: this is the most common cause of DKA. Patients were unable to inject insulin or dosage on time for various reasons, leading to continued increases in blood sugar and accelerated fat decomposition.
2. Infection: Low winter temperatures and the vulnerability of patients with diabetes to infectious diseases such as respiratory infections. Insulin resistance is exacerbated by the infection, which further increases blood sugar, while the infection itself induces DKA.
3. Stress states: Stress states such as surgery, trauma, trauma, etc. can increase the availability of sugar hormones such as adrenaline in the body, resulting in increased blood sugar and induced DKA.
4. Uncontrollable diet: During holiday days, heavy drinking, high sugar and fat diets can dramatically increase blood sugar, increase insulin burden and induce DKA.
2. Clinical performance DKA ‘ s clinical performance is diverse and varied, including, inter alia:
1. Blood sugar rises: usually it increases significantly, several times or more than normal.
2. ketone increase: significant increase in blood and urine levels, which can be determined by testing.
Acid poisoning: Reduced blood pH and acidism.
Dehydration: Due to high blood sugar and ketonuria, dehydration is common in patients, such as dry mouth, dry tongue and reduced urine.
5. Symptoms of digestive tracts: signs of digestive tracts such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are also common manifestations of DKA.
6. Symptoms of the nervous system: As a result of the development of the condition, the patient can experience neurological symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, sleep addiction, irritation and coma.
The damage to the nervous system is particularly severe in DKA, which is reflected in:
1. Brain oedema: DKA can cause brain osmosis as a result of changes in blood osmosis pressure due to elevated blood sugar and ketone, which can be characterized by headaches, vomiting and cognitive disorders.
2. Neural functional disorders: DKA can cause neuroneurological disorders, leading to neurofunctional disorders such as memory loss, low concentration, slow reaction.
3. A coma: during the severe phase of the DKA, the patient can go into a coma, one of the most dangerous complications of the DKA, with very high mortality rates. DKA ‘ s mechanisms for neurological damage include, among other things, the direct toxic effects of high blood sugar and ketone on brain cells, increased internal pressure from brain edema and oxygen deficiency.
The treatment of DKA as a preventive tool is based on the principles of rapid rehydration, rehabilitation of insulin treatment, correction of electrolytic disorders and acid poisoning. Specific measures include:
Refilling: rapid refilling of blood capacity, correction of dehydration and reduction of blood sugar and ketone levels.
Insulin treatment: Continued intravenous drips of small doses of insulin are given to inhibit fat decomposition and ketone production and to promote their use.
3. Correcting electrolyte disorders: monitor and correct electrolyte disorders such as potassium blood and sodium blood.
4. Correcting acid poisoning: There is generally no need for special treatment and, with rehydration and insulin treatment, it can be self-corrected. If acid poisoning is severe, appropriate alkali drugs can be given.
The key to the prevention of DKA is to strengthen the education and management of diabetes patients, improve self-management capabilities, avoid insulin disruption or insufficiency, control diets, prevent infection and stress. At the same time, patients should undergo regular blood sugar surveillance and medical examinations to detect and deal with anomalies in a timely manner. In short, DKA is a serious diabetes complication, especially for the nervous system. By strengthening patient education, improving self-management capacity, timely treatment of infections and stress, we can effectively reduce the incidence of DKA and protect patients ‘ nervous system health. Let us all focus on the health of people with diabetes and be alert to the threat of DKA.
