I. In terms of wound care
Keep it clean and dry.
Post-operative wounds need to be kept clean to avoid water contamination and contamination. In accordance with the instructions of the medical personnel, the dressing of wounds is regularly replaced, which may normally be required on a daily basis at the beginning of the post-operative period, and may be appropriately extended as the healing of the wounds improves.
If there is seepage in the wound, such as blood seepage or suspense seepage, do not treat yourself, and the doctor should be informed in a timely manner. Doctors treat seepages according to the nature of the wound, may need to be initiated or adapted to the use of antibiotics etc.
Watch the healing.
(b) Follow closely the healing state of the wound and the colour, temperature and redness of the skin around the wound. The skin colour around the normal healing wound should gradually approach the normal colour and the temperature should be close to the surrounding skin. If the skin around the wound is red, swollen, hot or the pain is increased, this may be a sign of infection and immediate medical attention is required.
For larger post mastectomy wounds, the healing process may be relatively long, with local skin stress, etc. At a later stage of the healing, appropriate use could be made of some drugs that would facilitate the healing of the wound and mitigate the development of the gill, but would need to be used under the guidance of a doctor.
II. ASPECTS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE GROUND
Early functional exercise
The upper limb function is vulnerable after breast cancer, especially after lymphomy in armpits. Early functional exercise is important. Simple upper limb activities, such as handshakes and loose fists, can be carried out within 1 – 2 days of the operation, each with 10 – 15 sets of 3 – 4 per day.
Three to five days after the operation, the movement of elbows can begin, with the arm bending slowly close to the body and then stretching straight and moving slowly and softly to avoid overstretching the wound.
Progressive exercise
As the wounds heal, the strength and scope of upper limbs are gradually increased. After 1 – 2 weeks of operation, a small range of shoulder activities can be attempted, such as shrugging, shrugging up and relaxing, at about 10 down, 3 groups per day.
After 2 – 3 weeks of operation, shoulder outreach, in-receipt, etc. can be carried out, but care is taken that the scope of activity should gradually increase according to its own recovery and that sudden and large-scale movement does not cause swelling or injury to upper limbs. The entire restoration process of upper limbs may take months to be patient and sustained.
Dietary care
Nutrition balance
After the operation, sufficient protein is required to facilitate healing and body recovery. Food with high-quality proteins such as skinny meat, fish, eggs, beans, etc. can be selected. For example, one egg, one glass of milk, a proper amount of fish, etc. can be eaten every day.
Fresh vegetables and fruits, rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fibres, are consumed. Vitamin C helps heal wounds, and fruits rich in vitamin C, such as oranges and lemons, can be adequately consumed. Food fibres in vegetables can promote intestinal creeping, prevent constipation, like spinach and broccoli, etc.
Avoiding stimulating foods
Food that is spicy, greasy and salty should be avoided. Spicy foods such as peppers and peppers can stimulate wounds, cause pain or heal effects; greasy foods are difficult to digest and may increase the burden on the body; and salty foods may increase the oedema.
IV. Psychological adaptation
Face your body changes.
Breast cancer surgery may have a significant impact on the physical appearance of the patient, especially breast ectopsis. Patients need to face their own physical changes and accept new physical images. They can share their feelings with their families and friends in a frank manner, and their understanding and support contribute to the psychological adjustment of patients.
Some patients may choose to wear breast milk or undergo breast-rehabilitation operations, which is also a way of helping them to regain self-confidence. Information on these options will enable the patient to better adapt to post-operative life.
Responding to emotional changes
After the operation, patients may experience anxiety, depression, etc., which is a normal psychological response. Patients can participate in support groups for breast cancer rehabilitation, sharing experiences and encouraging one another with people with similar experiences. Assistance from a professional psychologist can also be sought to improve emotional conditions through psychological counselling.
V. CONCLUSION OF FOLLOW-UP TREATMENT
I’m going to do it on time.
The majority of breast cancer patients require assistive treatment after the surgery, such as decomposition, chemotherapy, endocrine treatment or target-oriented treatment. Treatment is strictly conducted according to the time and course of treatment arranged by the doctor, without interruption or modification of the treatment.
Understanding the roles and possible side effects of different assistive treatments, such as chemotherapy, can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and early response preparedness. If there is a serious adverse reaction in the course of treatment, the doctor should be informed promptly so that the doctor can adjust the treatment programme.
Periodic review
Post-operative reviews are required and include breast examinations (e.g., breast ultrasound, molybdenum targets, etc.), blood examinations (e.g., tumor markers, etc.) and armpits.
Breast cancer
