1. Preoperative preparation
for breast cancer
1. Psychological preparation:-Patients may feel fear, anxiety and anxiety about the operation. Family members and healthcare workers should give psychological support, introduce the purpose, process and expected effect of the operation to patients in detail, let patients understand the necessity and safety of the operation, and reduce the psychological burden. -The patient’s confidence can be enhanced by communicating with the patient and sharing successful cases. 2. Physical preparation:-Complete various examinations, including blood routine, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, breast ultrasound, breast molybdenum target, etc., to fully understand the patient’s physical condition and assess the risk of surgery. -Control of underlying disease: If there are underlying disease such as hypertension and diabetes, the blood pressure and blood sugar should be controlled within a reasonable range under the guidance of a doctor to reduce the risk of surgery. -Skin preparation: The day before surgery, the patient should take a bath and clean skin, especially the skin of the surgical site. If skin preparation (shaving of the surgical area) is required, it should be done in accordance with the healthcare workers. -Dietary adjustment: Dinner the day before surgery should be light and easy to digest, and avoid eating too much greasy, spicy and stimulating food. Fasting and water deprivation on the day of the operation, the specific time depends on the operation schedule. -Bowel preparation: If general anesthesia is required for surgery, bowel preparation, such as oral laxatives or cleansing enemas, may be required to reduce gas and feces in the bowel and prevent postoperative bloating and infection. 3. Preparation of articles:-Prepare daily necessities for hospitalization, such as toiletries, clothes, slippers, etc. -According to the doctor’s advice, prepare the items that may be needed after the operation, such as elastic bandages, drainage bags, etc.
2. Postoperative nursing
of breast cancer
1. Observation of the patient’s condition:-Closely observe the patient’s vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, etc. If there is any abnormality, inform the doctor in time. -Observe the condition of the surgical incision, including whether there is oozing of blood, oozing of fluid, swelling, pain, etc. If there is any abnormality, it should be treated in time. -Observe the condition of the drainage tube, including the color, quantity and nature of the drainage fluid, and keep the drainage tube unobstructed to avoid distortion, pressure and blockage. 2. Pain care:-Patients may feel pain after surgery, and appropriate pain relief measures should be given according to the degree of pain. Mild pain can be relieved by distraction and relaxation; moderate pain can be relieved by oral painkillers; and severe pain can be relieved by injectable painkillers. -Pay attention to the use and dosage of painkillers to avoid drug addiction and adverse reactions. 3. Dietary care:-Postoperative patients should gradually resume diet according to the doctor’s advice. Generally speaking, the first day after surgery can drink a small amount of warm water, if there is no discomfort, you can gradually eat liquid diet, such as rice soup, fruit juice, etc.; the second day after surgery can eat semi-liquid diet, such as porridge, noodles, etc.; the third day after surgery can gradually return to normal diet. -The diet should be light and easy to digest, rich in nutrition, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, high-protein foods, such as eggs, milk, fish, etc., and avoid eating spicy, greasy and stimulating food. 4. Activity nursing:-Patients should get out of bed as soon as possible after operation to promote blood circulation and prevent thrombosis and pulmonary infection. Generally speaking, on the first day after surgery, you can turn over and move your limbs in bed; on the second day after surgery, you can get out of bed with the help of your family or healthcare workers and gradually increase the amount of activity. -The surgical incision and drainage tube should be protected during activities to avoid traction and collision. 5. Psychological care:-Postoperative patients may have psychological problems due to physical changes and the impact of disease, such as depression, anxiety, inferiority, etc. Family members and healthcare workers should give psychological support, care about the feelings of patients, and encourage patients to face life positively. -It can help patients adjust their mentality and enhance their confidence by communicating with patients and participating in rehabilitation activities. 6. Rehabilitation nursing:-Postoperative patients should receive rehabilitation training according to the doctor’s advice, including functional exercise of the affected limb, breast reconstruction, etc. Limb functional exercise can promote the blood circulation of the affected limb and prevent edema and dysfunction of the affected limb. Breast reconstruction can improve the body image and psychological state of the patient. -Rehabilitation training should be gradual to avoid overwork and injury. In conclusion, preoperative preparation and postoperative care for breast cancer are essential for the recovery of patients. Patients and their families should actively cooperate with the work of doctors and nurses, and make good preparations and nursing measures to improve the success rate of surgery and the quality of life of patients.
Breast cancer
