Prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The prevention and treatment of slow-retarded lungs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a common, preventable and treatable chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, which seriously affects the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Knowledge of the prevention and treatment of slow lung resistance is essential to reduce its harm. II. Basic knowledge of slow lung resistance (I) and the definition of the cause of the disease: Slow lung resistance is a disease characterized by a continuous flow of confined gases, which tends to develop sexually in relation to the response of gaseous and lung tissues to harmful gases such as cigarette smoke or abnormal chronic inflammation of harmful particles. Causes of illness: Smoking: The most important risk factor leading to slow lung resistance, including active and passive smoking. Chemical substances such as nicotine and tar in tobacco can cause damage to upper-cortular cells and fibrous movements, leading to an increase in the inflammation and mucous genre of the gas, thereby limiting the flow. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution (e.g., industrial exhaust, car tail gas, dust, etc.) and indoor air pollution (e.g., smoke from biomass fuel combustion, kitchen fumes, etc.) can induce slow lung resistance. Occupational dust and chemical substance exposure: In certain occupational environments, such as coal miners, construction workers, chemical workers, long-term exposure to cylindrium dust, coal dust, asbestos dust and irritating gases can increase the risk of slow lung resistance. Infective factors: Repeated respiratory infections (e.g., viruses, bacteria, secondary infections) are important factors in slow lung development. Respiratory tract infections in childhood may affect the development of the lung and increase the likelihood of slow lung resistance in adulthood. Individual factors: Genetic factors also play a role in slow-retarded pulmonary morbidity, such as α1 – the risk of slow-retarded pulmonary exposure to insulin deficiency. In addition, age growth and poor lung growth are associated with the occurrence of slow lung resistance. (ii) Chronic cough symptoms: usually the first symptoms, they can last forever as they develop. Early coughing is intermittent, heavy in the morning, and can occur later in the morning and evening or throughout the day, but it is not generally visible at night. Coughing: It is usually white mucus or slurry foaming, and can be laced with blood. Early morning runoff is higher and acute onset is increasing, with puss. Shortness of air or difficulty of breathing: This is a sign of slow lung resistance, which occurs early in the labour force and increases gradually so that it feels short in day-to-day activities and even during rest periods. Breathing and chest suffocation: Some patients, especially those with severe conditions, have suffocation, which usually occurs after labour, and is related to convulsive constrictions, such as respiratory stress and ribs. III. Prevention of slow lung resistance (I) level I prevention (prevention of disease) and avoidance of second-hand smoke: cessation is the most effective measure to prevent slow lung resistance. For smokers, smoking should be stopped immediately and exposure to second-hand smoke avoided. It can be helped through smoking cessation counselling, drug-aided smoking cessation (e.g. nicotine substitution therapy, Vinenickland, etc.). Improvement of Air Quality: The Outdoor Environment: Focus on Air Quality Index (AQI) to minimize out-migration in high air pollution weather, especially among the elderly, children and people with respiratory diseases. If necessary, protective masks should be worn. At the same time, the Government was supported in taking measures to reduce industrial pollution and car exhaust emissions. Indoor environment: housekeeping, regular cleaning and dust reduction. Use of air purification units, especially in long-staying places such as bedrooms. Installation of effective ventilation in the kitchen to reduce the pollution of oil and smoke. Occupational protection: Occupational safety and hygiene procedures, such as the wearing of qualified dust masks and gas masks, should be strictly observed for persons in occupations that are exposed to dust and harmful gases. Occupational health checks are carried out regularly, with early detection of lung pathologies. (ii) Secondary prevention (early detection and intervention) screening of high-risk populations: For high-risk groups such as long-term smoking, long-term exposure to occupational dust and chemicals, and family history of slow-retarded pulmonary disease, there should be regular lung function checks. The pulmonary function check is the gold standard for the diagnosis of slow-retarded lung, and it is generally recommended that a lung function check be carried out every year among persons over 40. Identification of early symptoms: Educating the public and medical staff to recognize early symptoms of slow lung resistance, such as chronic cough, cough, etc. For people with symptoms, further examinations should be carried out in a timely manner in order to clearly diagnose and intervene as soon as possible. Healthy lifestyle interventions: encourage high-risk groups and early patients to develop healthy lifestyles, including balanced diet, adequate exercise, adequate sleep, etc. Foods enriched in nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, protein, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, fish, milk, etc., should be consumed in diet to enhance the body ‘ s immunity. iv. Treatment of slow pulmonary resistance (i) drug treatment for stabilization period: bronchial expansion agent: the main drug for control of slow lung resistance symptoms, including beta2 – receptor agonists (e.g. salbutamol, salmetro, etc.), anticholine (e.g., ammonium isopropobromoammonium, thiotrobromoammonium, etc.) and tea-alkali drugs. These drugs can relax bronchial smoothing muscles, expand bronchials, improve air flow constraints and reduce respiratory difficulties. Sugar cortex hormones: The combined use of inhaled sugar cortex hormones (e.g., Boudinaid, fluidacason, etc.) and bronchial expansion agents can better control symptoms and reduce the frequency of acute increase for patients with frequent acute intensification and severe gas flow restrictions. However, the long-term use of sugar cortex hormones may give rise to a number of adverse effects, such as oral cortex infections, osteoporosis, etc., that need to be monitored. Diesterase-4 Phosphate inhibitors: e.g., rofluzte, which is used mainly for chronic bronchitis, chronic to very severe slow lung resistance, and past history of acute stress, can improve lung function and reduce acute stress. Rehabilitation: Respiratory function: Includes condensed lip and abdominal breathing. Inhalation of the lip means shut up and breathe through the nose, and then a slow exhale of the lip (a whistling sample), which is about two times the time of inhaling. Abdominal respiration means that the patient is entitled to stand, flat or half-bed, with both hands placed in the front chest and upper abdomen, and when he/she is slowly inhaled with his/her nose, his/her abdomen fall, his/her abdomen rises, his/her abdomen rise up, his/her abdomen shrunk, his/her abdomen fall, his/her abdomen fall and his/her abdominal drops. Respiratory activity increases respiratory muscle strength and improves respiratory efficiency. Sports training: Based on the patient ‘ s physical condition, the appropriate sports methods are chosen, such as walking, jogging, Tai Chi boxing, swimming, etc. Sports training improves the patient ‘ s motor resilience and the CPR function. At the same time, attention should be paid to the strength and frequency of the movement and to avoiding excessive fatigue. Nutritional support: Adequate intake of nutrients such as calories, proteins and vitamins is guaranteed, and nutritional supplements can be provided to people suffering from wasting and malnutrition. Nutritional support helps maintain patients ‘ respiratory and physical resistance. (ii) Identification of aggravating causes and removal of the contributing factors for acute stress periods: The most common cause of acute stress periods is respiratory infections, and pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, etc., should be actively sought and treated for the corresponding infections. At the same time, exposure to induced factors such as cessation of smoking and air pollution should be avoided. Drug adjustment: bronchial expansion agents: Increased frequency and dose of bronchial expansion agents, such as salbutamol aerosols, can be used as needed at normal times to be used every 2 – 4 hours in order to rapidly alleviate respiratory distress. Sugar cortex hormones: oral or intravenous glucose hormonals, such as peñeson, capeñol, etc., are generally treated for 5-7 days to reduce the inflammation response. Antibiotics: Where there is evidence of bacterial infections (e.g., cough sepsis, high white cell increase), antibiotics, such as Amocrin/Clavic acid, Furan, left-oxen fluoride, etc., should be reasonably selected according to the conditions and local bacterial resistance. Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation support: Oxygen therapy: For patients with low osteoporosis (erobic saturation < 90%), constant low flow of oxygen (generally 1-2L/min) should be provided, maintaining a blood saturation of 90% – 92%. Care should be taken to avoid CO2 retention at high concentrations of oxygen. Mechanical ventilation: For patients with severe respiratory difficulties, respiratory fatigue and visible carbon dioxide retention, electromechanical ventilation treatment may be considered. No mechanical ventilation can assist patients to breathe, reduce their respiratory muscle burden and improve their ventilation. However, in the process of use, care should be taken to select suitable masks to avoid their leakage and patient impatience. Mechanical ventilation: Mechanical ventilation may be required if it does not improve a patient ' s respiratory condition or if the patient has an emergency such as a heart arrest or a mental disorder. In short, the prevention and treatment of slow lungs is a long-term process that requires the joint efforts of patients, families and health-care providers. The incidence of slow lung resistance can be reduced through proactive preventive measures, while reasonable treatment can alleviate symptoms, reduce acute increases, improve the quality of life of patients and increase life expectancy